Principles and Design Considerations of Clinical Trials
such that the probability of a false positive is α and the power to detect the largest clinically relevant difference in event rates is 1 − β. Assuming that both the treatment…
Nuclear Medicine in Urological Cancer
Radiopharmaceutical agent Indication 99Tcm Diethylene Triamine-pentaacetic acid (DTPA) Measurement of GFR, renography 99Tcm Mercaptoacetylgly-cylglycylglycine (MAG3) Clearance studies, renography 99Tcm dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) Divided renal function, characterization of renal space occupying…
Laparoscopy and Robotic-Assisted Laparoscopy in Uro-oncological Surgery
Fig. 12.1 Incision at the bladder neck The longitudinal musculature at the prostate-vesical junction is then divided with scissors. This opens the space, which contains the vasa deferentia. The vasa…
Pathology of Testicular Tumors
Germ cell tumors Intratubular germ cell neoplasia, unclassified type (IGCNU) Seminoma (including cases with syncytiotrophoblastic cells) Spermatocytic seminoma (mention if there is sarcomatous component) Embryonal carcinoma Yolk sac tumour Choriocarcinoma…
Clinical Presentation, Diagnosis and Staging
Author Year N° pts PSA (mean; ng/ml) N° cores Cancer detection rate (%) Borboroglu et al. [48] 2000 57 8.6 22.5 30 Stewart et al. [49] 2001 224 8.7 23…
Renal Failure, Dialysis and Transplantation: In the Management of Renal Cell Carcinoma (Solitary Kidney and Bilateral Renal Tumours)
Infravesical: Urothelial cancer of the bladder, prostate cancer, urethral carcinoma, carcinoma cervix/uterus/ovary and rectum Supravesical: Urothelial cancer of ureter and renal pelvis, bladder, primary or secondary Retroperitoneal lymph node involvement,…
Cryotherapy for Prostate Cancer
Fig. 44.1 Cryoprobe placement for whole-gland treatment (Courtesy of Galil Medical, Inc, USA with permission) Fig. 44.2 Cryoprobe template insertion (Courtesy of Galil Medical, Inc, USA with permission) Argon gas…
Tumours of the Adrenal Gland
Fig. 25.1 Schematic representation of the blood supply of the adrenal glands Radiology of Adrenal Gland The major advantage of adrenal tumours is that it is often possible to reach…
Surgical and Minimally Invasive Management of Upper Urinary Tract Tumours
Fig. 37.1 Large filling defect on cross-sectional contrast enhanced CT urography that was proven transitional cell carcinoma Fig. 37.2 Grossly hydronephrotic right kidney with a thin rim of cortex on…
Urachal and Urethral Cancer (Excluding Penile Cancer)
1. Tumour located in the bladder dome 2. Predominant invasion of the muscularis or deeper with a sharp demarcation between the tumour and surface bladder urothelium that is free of…
