Pathology of Renal Cancer

Jul 4, 2016 by in UROLOGY Comments Off on Pathology of Renal Cancer

Malignant renal cell tumours  Clear cell renal cell carcinoma  Multilocular clear cell renal cell carcinoma  Papillary renal cell carcinoma  Chromophobe renal cell carcinoma  Carcinoma of the collecting ducts of Bellini…

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Normal Cell

Jul 4, 2016 by in UROLOGY Comments Off on Normal Cell

Fig. 1.1 Illustration of the sites of cellular connections and the adhesion molecules found at the interface between the cell and a basement membrane and between cells. Diagrammatic illustration of…

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Brachytherapy for Prostate Cancer

Jul 4, 2016 by in UROLOGY Comments Off on Brachytherapy for Prostate Cancer

Radionuclide Half-life (days) Emitted energy spectra (weighted average MeV) Half-value layer of lead (mm) 125I (Iodine) 59.4 0.028 0.025 103Pd (Palladium) 17.0 0.021 0.008 131Cs (Caesium) 9.7 0.030 0.022 192Ir…

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Superficial Bladder Cancer

Jul 4, 2016 by in UROLOGY Comments Off on Superficial Bladder Cancer

Dye industry Textiles Printing Rubber industry/Tyre manufacture Steel industry Cable manufacture Leather industry Petroleum Shoemakers Lorry drivers Drill press workers Rodent exterminators Sewage workers Hairdressers In 1938, Hueper et al….

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Molecular Biology of Urothelial Cancer

Jul 4, 2016 by in UROLOGY Comments Off on Molecular Biology of Urothelial Cancer

Molecular alteration Correlated with low-grade disease (% of cases) Correlated with high-grade disease (% of cases) Reference # FGFR3 40–88 0–36 [28–30, 32–38] RAS 0–44 2–65 [32, 33, 42, 43,…

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