Plasmapheresis
Fig. 27.1 Standard membrane filtration (a), adsorption (b), and selective filtration (c) systems. (a) Blood is pumped into a biocompatible membrane that allows the filtration of plasma while retaining cellular…
Glomerular Diseases Associated with HIV, Hepatitis B, and Hepatitis C Infections
Fig. 13.1 Collapsing glomerulopathy seen in HIVAN. Jones-methenamine stain showing collapse of the capillary loops with overlying podocyte hyperplasia (×40) Fig. 13.2 Low-power view of collapsing glomerulopathy in HIVAN. Jones-methenamine…
Acute Interstitial Nephritis
Medication-related AIN AIN associated with infections Direct invasion of the kidney Remote infection Idiopathic AIN—TINU syndrome AIN associated with glomerular and systemic diseases With anti-TBM antibodies SLE and MCTD Sarcoid…
Pathogenesis and Management of ANCA-Associated Vasculitis
Fig. 10.1 On ethanol-fixed neutrophils, proteinase-3 (PR3) ANCA cause a characteristic cytoplasmic granular centrally accentuated immunofluorescence pattern, referred as c-ANCA (top), while myeloperoxidase (MPO)-ANCA causes a perinuclear immunofluorescence pattern, referred…
Focal and Segmental Glomerulosclerosis
Primary (idiopathic) FSGS Secondary FSGS Classic (not otherwise specified) variant Infection Tip lesion variant HIV (usually collapsing variant) Collapsing glomerulopathy variant Parvovirus B19 Perihilar variant Medication and drug related Familial…
Membranoproliferative Glomerulonephritis
Fig. 6.1 MPGN due to chronic infection (shunt nephritis). (a) Light microscopy showing an MPGN pattern of injury (PAS ×40). Immunofluorescence microscopy showing granular capillary wall staining for (b) IgG,…
The Collagen IV Nephropathies
Fig. 18.1 Glomerular capillary wall showing thickening and widening (arrows) with basement membrane splitting and lamellations (basket-weave appearance). Note extensive foot process effacement. (x6000). Courtesy Dr. Sanjeev Sethi, Mayo Clinic…
Thrombotic Microangiopathy Not Associated with the Classic/Idiopathic TTP-HUS
1 Antiphospholipid syndrome 2 Systemic lupus erythematosus 3 Systemic scleroderma 4 Malignant hypertension 5 Pregnancy-HELLP syndrome 6 Drugs 7 Malignancy 8 Solid organ transplant 9 Allogeneic stem cell transplant—ionizing radiation…
Minimal Change Disease in Adults
Fig. 2.1 Electron microscopy of a glomerulus from a renal biopsy of a patient with minimal change disease, showing diffuse foot process effacement (white arrows) and microvillous degenerative changes (black…
Renal Involvement by IgG4-Related Disease
Fig. 17.1 A biopsy of a mass lesion in a 62-year-old man shows an expansile “storiform” interstitial fibrosis with marked interstitial inflammation. A silver stain (upper left panel) highlights tubular…
