Abdominal Key

Fig. 5.1 IVU plain films showing stones. Plain full length film from an IVU series showing multiple calculi in the lower pole calyces of the left kidney. Calculi are best…

Fig. 45.1 Sonablate® device Fig. 45.2 Ablatherm® device (Courtesy of EDAP) Mechanisms of Action In contrast to its use in ultrasound imaging techniques, the high acoustic energy leads to higher…

Malignant renal cell tumours  Clear cell renal cell carcinoma  Multilocular clear cell renal cell carcinoma  Papillary renal cell carcinoma  Chromophobe renal cell carcinoma  Carcinoma of the collecting ducts of Bellini…

Fig. 1.1 Illustration of the sites of cellular connections and the adhesion molecules found at the interface between the cell and a basement membrane and between cells. Diagrammatic illustration of…

Tumour markers mandatory: AFP: seen in 40–60 % nonseminomas and AFP is absent in seminoma; Even if raised in seminoma, the tumour is considered as mixed GCT β-HCG: raised levels…

Fig. 39.1 Zonal anatomy of the prostate (Reprinted from McNeal [2]. With permission from Wolters Kluwer Health) The peripheral zone (PZ) (Fig. 39.1) accounts for 70 % of glandular tissue…

Radionuclide Half-life (days) Emitted energy spectra (weighted average MeV) Half-value layer of lead (mm) 125I (Iodine) 59.4 0.028 0.025 103Pd (Palladium) 17.0 0.021 0.008 131Cs (Caesium) 9.7 0.030 0.022 192Ir…

Dye industry Textiles Printing Rubber industry/Tyre manufacture Steel industry Cable manufacture Leather industry Petroleum Shoemakers Lorry drivers Drill press workers Rodent exterminators Sewage workers Hairdressers In 1938, Hueper et al….

Molecular alteration Correlated with low-grade disease (% of cases) Correlated with high-grade disease (% of cases) Reference # FGFR3 40–88 0–36 [28–30, 32–38] RAS 0–44 2–65 [32, 33, 42, 43,…

Fig. 48.1 F-18 NaF PET bone scan images of a 87 year old male treated with radical prostatectomy in 1997 for Gleason score 5 adenocarcinoma. He experienced biochemical recurrence, and…