Fig. 41.1 Algorithm for the diagnosis of primary sclerosing cholangitis in patients with ulcerative colitis Fig. 41.2 Typical endoscopic retrograde cholangiographic findings in primary sclerosing cholangitis Both intra- and extrahepatic…
Fig. 42.1 Graphical presentation of the activity courses for 600 patients during 3–7 years after diagnosis. Adapted with permission from Elsevier [22] Investigations to uncover clinical predictors of long-term disease…
Fig. 34.1 Endoscopy of inflammatory and noninflammatory disorders of the pouch. (a) severe diffuse pouchitis, (b) cuffitis, (c) Crohn’s disease of the pouch—ulcers at the neo-terminal ileum, (d) pinhole pouch…
Fig. 31.1 Theoretical model for improved outcomes with the use of telemedicine [Tele-inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)] in patients with IBD Although not routinely applied to chronic gastrointestinal illnesses such as…
Phase Definition 0 Exploratory study involving very limited human exposure to the drug, with no therapeutic or diagnostic goals (e.g., screening studies, microdose studies) 1 Studies that are usually conducted…
Fig. 13.1 Pharmacologic mechanism of calcineurin and mTOR inhibitors. Similar mechanisms of action group cyclosporine, tacrolimus, and sirolimus into dependent inhibitors (see Chap. 14 for further information). Each is capable…
• Rectally administered 5-ASA is the most effective therapy for active L-UC and can be continued as a maintenance therapy • Topical corticosteroids are more effective than placebo for active L-UC but…
At least three of the following signs and laboratory findings: Heart rate > 120/min Temperature > 38.6 °C White cell count > 10.5 × 103/mm3 Anemia AND, at least one of the following: Dehydration Altered mental status Electrolyte…
Compliance is defined as “the extent to which the patient’s behavior matches the prescriber’s recommendations”. Adherence is defined as “the extent to which the patient’s behavior matches agreed recommendations from…
Fig. 8.1 Distribution of 5-ASA suppository in a patient with ulcerative proctitis. 99mTc-labeled 5-ASA suppository was given to a patient with refractory ulcerative proctitis. The medication spread to the sigmoid…
