Presacral Tumors
Fig. 21.1 Relationship of pelvic structures to presacral space This space extends superiorly to the peritoneal reflection and inferiorly to the rectosacral fascia and the supralevator space. Laterally, the area…
Other Benign Colorectal Disorders
Fig. 34.1 Endoscopic appearance of gonococcal proctitis. Notice the mucopurulent discharge Culture for N. gonorrhoeae requires a Thayer–Martin chocolate agar and remains the “gold standard” for diagnosis. Antimicrobial treatment must…
Ulcerative Colitis: Surgical Management
Fig. 29.1 Continent ileostomy. (a) Three limbs of small bowel are measured, and the bowel wall is sutured together. (b) After opening the bowel (see the dotted lines in a),…
Hereditary Colorectal Cancer
Fig. 37.1 Colorectal cancer viewed broadly Non-syndromic hereditary colorectal cancer refers to familial clustering that does not fit criteria for the definition of a syndrome and no germ line mutation…
Hemorrhoids
Symptom Differential diagnoses Pain Thrombosed hemorrhoids, fissure, abscess, fistula, pruritus, anorectal Crohn’s disease, anismus, abscess Bleeding Internal or external hemorrhoids, fissure, fistula, hypertrophic papilla, polyps, anal or colorectal cancer, ulcerative…
Endoluminal Ultrasound
Fig. 7.1 Five-layer anatomic model of an ERUS scan. Three hyperechoic (white) layers and two hypoechoic (black) layers are visualized. A anterior, L left, P posterior, R right, T transducer…
Pediatric Colorectal Disorders
Fig. 50.1 Transanal procedure. (a) Exposure and placing traction sutures. (b) Start full thickness rectal dissection above pectinate line. (c) Pulling rectosigmoid down Full-thickness biopsies are taken to determine the…
Anorectal Abscess and Fistula
Potential space Superior border Anterior border Inferior border Posterior border Lateral border Medial border Other features Perianal space Anal verge Becomes continuous with the ischioanal fat Lower portion of anal…
