Sexually Transmitted Diseases
Fig. 17.1 Gram-negative intracellular diplococcus Peak incidence for all forms of gonorrhea is in the late teens for females and early 20s for males. African Americans have a 30-fold higher…
Colonic Volvulus
Fig. 23.1 Plain abdominal X-ray of sigmoid volvulus indicating the “bent inner-tube” sign In up to 40 % of cases, the plain film can be equivocal: there may be superimposition…
Rectal Prolapse
Transabdominal procedures 1. Repair of the pelvic floor Abdominal repair of levator diastasis Abdominoperineal levator repair 2. Suspension–fixation Sigmoidopexy (Pemberton–Stalker) Presacral rectopexy Lateral strip rectopexy (Orr–Loygue) Anterior sling rectopexy (Ripstein)…
Pelvic Floor Disorders
Fig. 19.1 (a, b) Digitally enhanced MRI reconstruction of the levator ani at rest in a 23-year-old nulliparous woman. The levator ani gives a biconcave shape posteriorly and the puborectalis…
Anatomy and Embryology of the Colon, Rectum, and Anus
Fig. 1.1 Anal canal The “anatomic” or “embryologic” anal canal is only 2.0 cm long, extending from the anal verge to the dentate line, the level that corresponds to the…
Surgical Treatment of Rectal Cancer
Fig. 44.1 Schematic representation of the correct TME dissection versus an incorrect dissection. The dissection should proceed between the mesorectal fascia and the pelvic wall fascia to ensure a “complete”…
Colorectal Cancer: Epidemiology, Etiology, and Molecular Basis
Fig. 38.1 Age-adjusted colorectal cancer incidence and death rates in the USA 1975–2006 CRC in the USA over a lifetime is 5.5 % in men and 5.1 % in women….
IBD: Diagnosis and Evaluation
Epidemiology Race/ethnicity: Whites and Blacks > Hispanic, Native American, Asian Jews > Non-Jews Geography: Northern climates > Southern Scandinavia, North America, Europe > Asia, Africa, South America, Japan, Spain Gender:…
Intestinal Stomas
Protection of distal anastomosis Treatment of anastomotic leak Large bowel obstruction Bowel perforation Abdominal or perineal trauma Rectal injury Diverticular disease Complex anorectal disease Complications from radiation Fecal incontinence Inflammatory…
Pilonidal Disease and Hidradenitis Suppurativa
Fig. 15.1 Incision and drainage of an acute pilonidal abscess. An incision is made parallel to the midline at least 1 cm laterally. A small ellipse of skin is removed…
