Measuring Hemodialysis Using Solute Kinetic Models
HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE Hemodialysis was first successfully applied during the 1940s to support life in patients with acute kidney injury (1). Soon after, it was clear that life could be prolonged…
Causes, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Peritoneal Membrane Failure
Owing to improved technology and the decline in peritonitis rates, ultrafiltration failure (UFF)/membrane failure has now become one of the major factors leading to technique failure in PD patients. Typically,…
Prescribing Drugs for Dialysis Patients
INITIAL PATIENT ASSESSMENT Patient assessment begins with a complete past medical history and physical examination. Taking a thorough past medication history, drug allergy, adverse drug reactions, and concurrent medicines are…
Extracorporeal Treatment of Poisoning and Drug Overdose
EPIDEMIOLOGY OF POISONING Although poisoning has been reported to health care institutions for a long time, its incidence is clearly underestimated. The incidence of poisoning continues to increase largely due…
Choosing the Best Dialysis Option in the Patient with Acute Kidney Injury and in the Intensive Care Unit
TECHNICAL ASPECTS OF RENAL REPLACEMENT THERAPY IN THE INTENSIVE CARE UNIT This section of the chapter discusses different modalities of RRT in the ICU and review through the calculations for…
Acid–Base Considerations in End-Stage Kidney Disease
As kidney disease progresses, renal regulation of acid balance is lost and metabolic acidosis ensues, due primarily to impaired acid excretion. Initiation of renal replacement therapy addresses this problem not…
Continuous Dialysis Therapeutic Techniques
MODALITIES OF CONTINUOUS RENAL REPLACEMENT THERAPY—TECHNICAL CONSIDERATIONS Terminology Continuous therapies encompass a variety of modalities that vary in the terminology. Recently, an international group of experts has developed the Acute…
Oxidant Stress in End-Stage Kidney Disease
DEFINITION OF OXIDANT STRESS Oxidative stress is a pathologic state in which reactive oxygen intermediates (ROI) or reactive oxygen species (ROS) can cause oxidation of cellular and matrix macromolecules including…
Adequacy of Peritoneal Dialysis
Some have suggested that this increased rate of mortality in dialysis patients is due to inadequacies in the prescribed dose of dialysis (4,5). However, it is acknowledged that there is…
Depurative Modality Options
LIFE PLANNING A patient facing ESKD must understand that no matter how successful his or her therapy (dialysis and/or transplantation), life span is less than if ESKD were not present….
