Abdominal Key

(1) Al Agouza, Cairo, PO, Egypt   2.1 Embryology and Penile Development Between the fourth and seventh weeks, the mesodermal mesenchyme migrates to the cranial aspect of the cloacal membrane…

(1) Al Agouza, Cairo, PO, Egypt   6.1 Bladder Agenesis Incidence Agenesis of the bladder is an extremely rare congenital anomaly, with approximately 65 cases reported, with only 22 live…

(1) Al Agouza, Cairo, PO, Egypt   4.1 Normal Anatomy and Histology The scrotum consists of the skin, the dartos muscle, and external spermatic, cremasteric, and internal spermatic fasciae. The…

(1) Al Agouza, Cairo, PO, Egypt   7.1 Embryology and Anatomy Two distinct embryological pathways are suggested for the development of the distal glanular urethra. One theory supports the idea…

(1) Al Agouza, Cairo, PO, Egypt   5.1 Testicular Development During the seventh week, XY male gonads begin to differentiate under the influence of a series of testis-determining genes. The…

(1) Al Agouza, Cairo, PO, Egypt   Embryology The primordial germ cells are first found at the 24th day near the allantois. The germ cells proliferate and migrate to reach…

(1) Al Agouza, Cairo, PO, Egypt   13.1 Embryological Background In the female fetus, the Müllerian ducts normally meet in the midline by 8 weeks and subsequently give rise to…

(1) Al Agouza, Cairo, PO, Egypt   10.1 Embryological Background Nomenclature The hymen is named after the God of marriage “Hymenaios” in classical Greek mythology. The word “hymen” is usually…

(1) Al Agouza, Cairo, PO, Egypt   Nomenclature (Fig. 3.1) Prepuce from Latin prae, in front, and putium, penis Fig. 3.1 Normal prepuce covering the glans completely Foreskin, preputium, and…

(1) Al Agouza, Cairo, PO, Egypt   12.1 Vaginal Atresia (VA) The vagina originates from two embryonic structures: the upper part from Müllerian duct system and the lower third from…