Female Genital Anomalies, Clitoris
(1) Al Agouza, Cairo, PO, Egypt The gynecologic examination of the female genitalia of children and young adults belongs in the hands of specialists and should be performed in…
Female Urethra
(1) Al Agouza, Cairo, PO, Egypt The female urethra is a short tubular structure 3–5.5 cm in length; it is supported by the pubocervical fascia posteriorly. The sphincters are…
Labial Anomalies
(1) Al Agouza, Cairo, PO, Egypt 9.1 Anatomical and Embryological Background (Fig. 9.1) Fig. 9.1 Anatomy of the labia In girls, the unfused parts of the labioscrotal (genital) swellings…
Caudal Regression Syndrome and Sacral Agenesis
(1) Al Agouza, Cairo, PO, Egypt Nomenclature Caudal regression syndrome (CRS), sirenomelia, sacral agenesis syndrome, caudal dysplasia, and phocomelic diabetic embryopathy Historical Note The term “syndrome of caudal regression”…
Introduction
(1) Al Agouza, Cairo, PO, Egypt The most common congenital malformation anomalies are, according to their incidence, musculoskeletal, cutaneous, and urogenital. The most frequent genitourinary anomalies are renal, testicular,…
