Fig. 11.1 (a) Sagittal view of the prostatic apex. In this view near the midline of the prostate, the structures can be challenging to distinguish. (b) Sagittal view of the…

Fig. 13.1 Schematic describing the physics underlying magnetic resonance imaging To receive signal, prostate MRI requires a pelvic phased-array coil laid directly across the patient’s pelvis. This can be supplemented…

Procedure [Ref] Target of navigation Imaging modalities Tracking systems Modifications of navigation Comments Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) [8–13] Urinary stone Fluoroscopy (two, in-line, iso-centric) Mechanical Ultrasound arm All tested…

Fig. 18.1 Rendered liver in intraoperative display. In a fully realized abdominal image-guided system such as the one shown here, the relative position of a surgical tool (shown in green)…

Fig. 2.1 Narrow band imaging filter technology. Light source and video processor are used to deliver high-definition light through the cystoscope (Courtesy of Olympus) Fig. 2.2 Normal bladder. White-light imaging…

Fig. 16.1 (a, b) Siemens Magnetom MRI (low-field (0.2-T) biplanar magnet design) (Courtesy of Siemens Healthcare 2014) Fig. 16.2 (a, b). Siemens Magnetom Espree MRI (high-field (1.5-T) short-bore magnet design)…

Fig. 6.1 Basic principles of multiphoton microscopy (MPM). (a) The Jablonski diagram showing how MPM fluorescence emission is caused by the simultaneous absorption of two or three low-energy (near-infrared) photons,…