Megacolon (Ogilvie’s Syndrome) (Gastrointest Endosc 2002;56:789-92) DEFINITION: Ogilvie’s Syndrome (Acute Colonic Pseudo-obstruction): acute non-toxic megacolon without evidence of more distal colonic obstruction Usually dilation of cecum and/or right side of…
Ischemic Small Bowel (Gastroenterology 2000;118:951-53 & 954-68) DEFINITION: Ischemic injury of the intestine resulting from deprivation of oxygen and nutrients necessary for cellular integrity EPIDEMIOLOGY: Responsible for about 0.1% of…
Ischemic Colitis (Gastroenterology 2000;118:951-53 & 954-68) DEFINITION: The most common form of intestinal ischemic injury EPIDEMIOLOGY: Most are older than 60; The incidence is underestimated because many suffer only mild…
Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) (Gastroenterology 2006;130:1480-91 & 2002;123:2105-07 & 2108-31) DEFINITION: A group of functional bowel disorders which abdominal discomfort or pain is associated with defecation or change in bowel…
GI Endocrine Tumors GENERAL: Most are classified as functional or non-functional depending if the clinical syndrome is due to a hormone release Non-functioning tumors are generally reported as incidental finding…
Fecal Incontinence (Am J Gastroenterol 2004;99:1585-04) DEFINITION: Continuous or recurrent uncontrolled passage of fecal material (>10 mL) for at least one month in an individual older than 3 or 4…
Diverticulosis & Diverticulitis (Am J Gastroenterol 1999;94:3110-21) DIVERTICULOSIS Definition: Acquired herniations of mucosa and submucosa through the colonic wall Epidemiology: Affects 5-15% of persons over the age of 45 and…
Diarrheal Infections (Am J Gastroenterol 1997;1962-75) Infectious Diarrhea: Worldwide 1 billion cases/year and death rates are second only to cardiovascular disease! Note: normally the stool does not have any PMNs…
Diarrhea/Malassimilation (Gastroenterology 1999;116:1461-63 & 1464-84) DEFINITION: Stool output more than 200 g/day or increased frequency & decreased consistency of stool (can be altered by diet, so these are imperfect criteria…
Constipation (Gastroenterology 2006;130:1480-91. N Engl J Med 2003;349:1360-68. Gastroenterology 2000;119: 1761-78) DEFINITION: Historically less than 2-3 bowel movements/week; Excessive difficulty straining at defecation Rome III for functional constipation: see below…
