Hypermagnesemia

Sep 9, 2023 by in NEPHROLOGY Comments Off on Hypermagnesemia

Case Study 1 A 12-year-old patient with chronic renal failure developed hypermagnesemia (serum magnesium 3.3 mg/dL) as a result of excess antacid ingestion. Which of the following electrolyte abnormalities is NOT…

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Hypomagnesemia

Sep 9, 2023 by in NEPHROLOGY Comments Off on Hypomagnesemia

Case Study 1 You are asked to evaluate a family with a high incidence of hypercalciuria and nephrolithiasis, and you find that two children born to a sibling with hypercalciuria…

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Hyperphosphatemia

Sep 9, 2023 by in NEPHROLOGY Comments Off on Hyperphosphatemia

Case Study 1 An 11-year-old girl recently diagnosed with acute myeloid leukemia. After the third chemotherapy course, consisting of cytarabine, mitoxantrone, and intrathecal methotrexate, she was admitted to the hospital…

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Hypophosphatemia

Sep 9, 2023 by in NEPHROLOGY Comments Off on Hypophosphatemia

Case Study 1 A 30-month-old boy is evaluated for failure to thrive, muscle weakness, bone pain, and difficulty to walk over the last 10 months. The infant was born at…

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Hypercalcemia

Sep 9, 2023 by in NEPHROLOGY Comments Off on Hypercalcemia

Case Study 1 A 19-year-old male was admitted to a local hospital with lethargy. His medical history was most notable for major depressive disorder complicated by two previous suicide attempts,…

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Hypocalcemia

Sep 9, 2023 by in NEPHROLOGY Comments Off on Hypocalcemia

Case Study 1 A patient with recurrent diarrhea complains of severe muscle weakness. There is no history of carpopedal spasm, or physical findings of Trousseau or Chvostek sign, consistent with…

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Metabolic Acidosis

Sep 9, 2023 by in NEPHROLOGY Comments Off on Metabolic Acidosis

Case Study 1 A 15-year-old woman with a medical history of diabetes mellitus, obesity, compensated cirrhosis, and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis had right first distal phalanx osteomyelitis diagnosed 4 weeks before presentation…

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Metabolic Alkalosis

Sep 9, 2023 by in NEPHROLOGY Comments Off on Metabolic Alkalosis

Case Study 1 A 15-year-old male patient with cirrhosis and ascites secondary to Wilson disease is admitted to the hospital with acute gastrointestinal bleeding due to ruptured esophageal varices. He…

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Hyperkalemia

Sep 9, 2023 by in NEPHROLOGY Comments Off on Hyperkalemia

Case Study 1 A 6-year-old boy with mild chronic renal failure is started on a low-sodium diet for hypertension. Two weeks later, he notices that he is unable to lift…

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Hypokalemia

Sep 9, 2023 by in NEPHROLOGY Comments Off on Hypokalemia

Case Study 1 A 16-year-old young man was admitted for elective surgery for a small-bowel carcinoid tumor. Nephrology was consulted for evaluation of persistent hypokalemia and metabolic alkalosis. The patient…

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