Endoluminal Ultrasound
Fig. 7.1 Five-layer anatomic model of an ERUS scan. Three hyperechoic (white) layers and two hypoechoic (black) layers are visualized. A anterior, L left, P posterior, R right, T transducer…
Pediatric Colorectal Disorders
Fig. 50.1 Transanal procedure. (a) Exposure and placing traction sutures. (b) Start full thickness rectal dissection above pectinate line. (c) Pulling rectosigmoid down Full-thickness biopsies are taken to determine the…
Anorectal Abscess and Fistula
Potential space Superior border Anterior border Inferior border Posterior border Lateral border Medial border Other features Perianal space Anal verge Becomes continuous with the ischioanal fat Lower portion of anal…
Sexually Transmitted Diseases
Fig. 17.1 Gram-negative intracellular diplococcus Peak incidence for all forms of gonorrhea is in the late teens for females and early 20s for males. African Americans have a 30-fold higher…
Colonic Volvulus
Fig. 23.1 Plain abdominal X-ray of sigmoid volvulus indicating the “bent inner-tube” sign In up to 40 % of cases, the plain film can be equivocal: there may be superimposition…
Rectal Prolapse
Transabdominal procedures 1. Repair of the pelvic floor Abdominal repair of levator diastasis Abdominoperineal levator repair 2. Suspension–fixation Sigmoidopexy (Pemberton–Stalker) Presacral rectopexy Lateral strip rectopexy (Orr–Loygue) Anterior sling rectopexy (Ripstein)…
Pelvic Floor Disorders
Fig. 19.1 (a, b) Digitally enhanced MRI reconstruction of the levator ani at rest in a 23-year-old nulliparous woman. The levator ani gives a biconcave shape posteriorly and the puborectalis…
Anatomy and Embryology of the Colon, Rectum, and Anus
Fig. 1.1 Anal canal The “anatomic” or “embryologic” anal canal is only 2.0 cm long, extending from the anal verge to the dentate line, the level that corresponds to the…
Surgical Treatment of Rectal Cancer
Fig. 44.1 Schematic representation of the correct TME dissection versus an incorrect dissection. The dissection should proceed between the mesorectal fascia and the pelvic wall fascia to ensure a “complete”…
