Fig. 34.1 Endoscopic appearance of gonococcal proctitis. Notice the mucopurulent discharge Culture for N. gonorrhoeae requires a Thayer–Martin chocolate agar and remains the “gold standard” for diagnosis. Antimicrobial treatment must…
Fig. 37.1 Colorectal cancer viewed broadly Non-syndromic hereditary colorectal cancer refers to familial clustering that does not fit criteria for the definition of a syndrome and no germ line mutation…
Symptom Differential diagnoses Pain Thrombosed hemorrhoids, fissure, abscess, fistula, pruritus, anorectal Crohn’s disease, anismus, abscess Bleeding Internal or external hemorrhoids, fissure, fistula, hypertrophic papilla, polyps, anal or colorectal cancer, ulcerative…
Fig. 7.1 Five-layer anatomic model of an ERUS scan. Three hyperechoic (white) layers and two hypoechoic (black) layers are visualized. A anterior, L left, P posterior, R right, T transducer…
Fig. 50.1 Transanal procedure. (a) Exposure and placing traction sutures. (b) Start full thickness rectal dissection above pectinate line. (c) Pulling rectosigmoid down Full-thickness biopsies are taken to determine the…
Potential space Superior border Anterior border Inferior border Posterior border Lateral border Medial border Other features Perianal space Anal verge Becomes continuous with the ischioanal fat Lower portion of anal…
Fig. 17.1 Gram-negative intracellular diplococcus Peak incidence for all forms of gonorrhea is in the late teens for females and early 20s for males. African Americans have a 30-fold higher…
Fig. 23.1 Plain abdominal X-ray of sigmoid volvulus indicating the “bent inner-tube” sign In up to 40 % of cases, the plain film can be equivocal: there may be superimposition…
Transabdominal procedures 1. Repair of the pelvic floor Abdominal repair of levator diastasis Abdominoperineal levator repair 2. Suspension–fixation Sigmoidopexy (Pemberton–Stalker) Presacral rectopexy Lateral strip rectopexy (Orr–Loygue) Anterior sling rectopexy (Ripstein)…
