Fig. 1 Chemical structures of coxibs. Rofecoxib and etoricoxib, celecoxib, and valdecoxib are diaryleterocyclic derivatives containing a phenylsulphone and a phenylsulphonamide moiety, respectively. Parecoxib is the water soluble and injectable prodrug…
Carboxylic acids Pyrazoles Oxicams COX-2 selective Salicylates Acetic acids Propionic acids Fenamates Acetylsalicylic acid salsalate diflunisal fendosal Indomethacin acemetacin cinmetacin sulindac tolmetin zomepirac diclofenac fenclofenac isoxepac furofenac fentiazac clidanac oxepinac…
Immunomodulation (reduced T cell activation) Inhibition of cyclooxygenase (COX) activity Production of novel anti-inflammatory lipid mediators, e.g. resolvins Direct fatty acid signaling via GPCRs Alteration of membrane dynamics and cell…
Fig. 1 COX-2/mPGES-1 pathway. Two primary COX enzyme isoforms (COX-1 and COX-2) catalyze the rate-limiting step of PG formation: the conversion of AA into the intermediate metabolite PGG2, which is further…
PubMed Avivi D, Moshkowitz M, Detering E, Arber N (2012) The role of low-dose aspirin in the prevention of colorectal cancer. Expert Opin Ther Targets PMID 22313430 1:s51−s62CrossRef Baron JA,…
Fig. 1 Relative risk of colorectal neoplasia in individuals using aspirin, NSAIDs and COX-2 inhibitors The COX enzyme is probably the most common therapeutic drug target in human history. Aspirin,…
Fig. 9.1 Normal postoperative plain abdominal film with Lap-Band®. The band is visible in the upper half of the image, just to the left of the patient’s spine, while the…
Body mass index (BMI) kg/m2 Obesity classification obesity class <18.5 Underweight 18.5–24.9 Normal weight 25.0–29.9 Overweight 30.0–34.9 Obesity Class I 35.0–39.9 Obesity Class II ≥40 Morbid/Extreme Obesity Class III As…
Fig. 7.1 Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy. Reprinted with permission from Parikh M, Gagner M, Pomp A. Laparoscopic Duodenal Switch. In: Nguyen NT, De Maria EJ, Ikramuddin S, Hutter MM. eds. The…
Fig. 10.1 Sites of potential internal hernia defects following LRYGB, including the mesocolic window or retrocolic tunnel (green arrow), Petersen’s defect (blue arrow), and mesomesenteric or distal anastomosis defect (red…
