Clinical evaluation of the lower urinary tract
CHAPTER 1 Clinical evaluation of the lower urinary tract INTRODUCTION The bladder and the urethra comprise the lower urinary tract and act as a single (vesico-urethral) unit during normal lower…
UROLOGY
Paediatric urodynamics
CHAPTER 10 Paediatric urodynamics INTRODUCTION Lower urinary tract dysfunction is common in children from both non-neurogenic and neurogenic causes. Most cases are well-recognized functional voiding disorders or have an underlying…
The contracted bladder
CHAPTER 8 The contracted bladder INTRODUCTION Bladder contracture is the end stage of chronic inflammatory disorders of the bladder or results from the treatment of carcinoma such as post radiotherapy….
Non-Interventional Imaging in Genitourinary Cancer
Fig. 5.1 IVU plain films showing stones. Plain full length film from an IVU series showing multiple calculi in the lower pole calyces of the left kidney. Calculi are best…
High Intensity Focused Ultrasound (Hifu) in Prostate Cancer
Fig. 45.1 Sonablate® device Fig. 45.2 Ablatherm® device (Courtesy of EDAP) Mechanisms of Action In contrast to its use in ultrasound imaging techniques, the high acoustic energy leads to higher…
Pathology of Renal Cancer
Malignant renal cell tumours Clear cell renal cell carcinoma Multilocular clear cell renal cell carcinoma Papillary renal cell carcinoma Chromophobe renal cell carcinoma Carcinoma of the collecting ducts of Bellini…
Normal Cell
Fig. 1.1 Illustration of the sites of cellular connections and the adhesion molecules found at the interface between the cell and a basement membrane and between cells. Diagrammatic illustration of…
Testicular Cancer- Clinical Features, Staging and Surgical Management
Tumour markers mandatory: AFP: seen in 40–60 % nonseminomas and AFP is absent in seminoma; Even if raised in seminoma, the tumour is considered as mixed GCT β-HCG: raised levels…
Epidemiology, Screening, Pathology and Pathogenesis
Fig. 39.1 Zonal anatomy of the prostate (Reprinted from McNeal [2]. With permission from Wolters Kluwer Health) The peripheral zone (PZ) (Fig. 39.1) accounts for 70 % of glandular tissue…
Brachytherapy for Prostate Cancer
Radionuclide Half-life (days) Emitted energy spectra (weighted average MeV) Half-value layer of lead (mm) 125I (Iodine) 59.4 0.028 0.025 103Pd (Palladium) 17.0 0.021 0.008 131Cs (Caesium) 9.7 0.030 0.022 192Ir…
