Key Points The rapid growth of pediatric hepatology as a specific and focused field of interest is attributable to the importance of the dramatic physiologic variables occurring in the maturing…
Key Points Acute episodes of hepatic encephalopathy are usually triggered by a potentially reversible cause, and identification of this precipitant is key in successful management. Measures used in the management…
Key Points A thorough history and physical examination must always be the starting point in the approach to the patient with possible liver disease. Many individuals with chronic liver disease…
Fig. 5.1 IVU plain films showing stones. Plain full length film from an IVU series showing multiple calculi in the lower pole calyces of the left kidney. Calculi are best…
Fig. 45.1 Sonablate® device Fig. 45.2 Ablatherm® device (Courtesy of EDAP) Mechanisms of Action In contrast to its use in ultrasound imaging techniques, the high acoustic energy leads to higher…
Malignant renal cell tumours Clear cell renal cell carcinoma Multilocular clear cell renal cell carcinoma Papillary renal cell carcinoma Chromophobe renal cell carcinoma Carcinoma of the collecting ducts of Bellini…
Fig. 1.1 Illustration of the sites of cellular connections and the adhesion molecules found at the interface between the cell and a basement membrane and between cells. Diagrammatic illustration of…
Tumour markers mandatory: AFP: seen in 40–60 % nonseminomas and AFP is absent in seminoma; Even if raised in seminoma, the tumour is considered as mixed GCT β-HCG: raised levels…
Fig. 39.1 Zonal anatomy of the prostate (Reprinted from McNeal [2]. With permission from Wolters Kluwer Health) The peripheral zone (PZ) (Fig. 39.1) accounts for 70 % of glandular tissue…
Radionuclide Half-life (days) Emitted energy spectra (weighted average MeV) Half-value layer of lead (mm) 125I (Iodine) 59.4 0.028 0.025 103Pd (Palladium) 17.0 0.021 0.008 131Cs (Caesium) 9.7 0.030 0.022 192Ir…
