DEFINITION OF OXIDANT STRESS Oxidative stress is a pathologic state in which reactive oxygen intermediates (ROI) or reactive oxygen species (ROS) can cause oxidation of cellular and matrix macromolecules including…
Some have suggested that this increased rate of mortality in dialysis patients is due to inadequacies in the prescribed dose of dialysis (4,5). However, it is acknowledged that there is…
LIFE PLANNING A patient facing ESKD must understand that no matter how successful his or her therapy (dialysis and/or transplantation), life span is less than if ESKD were not present….
BRIEF HISTORY OF VASCULAR ACCESS The history of vascular access for hemodialysis is closely tied to the history of dialysis. In 1924, Georg Haas in Giessen, Germany, performed the first…
BIOCHEMICAL ABNORMALITIES IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE-MINERAL AND BONE DISORDER The first component of CKD-MBD is abnormal mineral metabolism including that of serum calcium, phosphate, PTH, vitamin D, and…
DEMOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS OF THE GERIATRIC POPULATION WITH END-STAGE KIDNEY DISEASE Incidence and Prevalence of End-Stage Kidney Disease in the Elderly When the Medicare end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) program was funded…
Some of the factors that contribute to the high prevalence of CAD in patients with ESKD include advancing age and diabetes. The average age of dialysis patients has increased steadily…
BUSINESS AS USUAL The majority of physicians have little to no formal training in business or business principles. As mentioned earlier, this was not necessary or relevant to running a…
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PROTEIN-ENERGY WASTING IN MAINTENANCE DIALYSIS PATIENTS Causes and Treatment of Protein-Energy Wasting Protein-energy wasting (PEW) refers to the loss or reduced amounts of protein, fat, and/or carbohydrates in the body…
