Minimal Change Disease in Adults
Fig. 2.1 Electron microscopy of a glomerulus from a renal biopsy of a patient with minimal change disease, showing diffuse foot process effacement (white arrows) and microvillous degenerative changes (black…
NEPHROLOGY
Renal Involvement by IgG4-Related Disease
Fig. 17.1 A biopsy of a mass lesion in a 62-year-old man shows an expansile “storiform” interstitial fibrosis with marked interstitial inflammation. A silver stain (upper left panel) highlights tubular…
General Approach to the Diagnosis and Management of Glomerular Diseases
89. Jayne DR, Gaskin G, Rasmussen N, et al. Randomized trial of plasma exchange or high-dosage methylprednisolone as adjunctive therapy for severe renal vasculitis. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2007;18(7):2180–8.PubMedCrossRef 90….
Childhood Onset Nephrotic Syndrome
93. Baudouin V, Alberti C, Lapeyraque AL, Bensman A, Andre JL, Broux F, et al. Mycophenolate mofetil for steroid-dependent nephrotic syndrome: a phase II Bayesian trial. Pediatr Nephrol. 2012;27(3):389–96.PubMed 94….
Endocrine Hypertension and Chronic Kidney Disease
Fig. 16.1 Inherited endocrine condition related to mineralocorticoid excess. The picture shows the molecular pathways involved in dysregulation of NaCl homeostasis located in the distalrenal tubules. AME apparent mineralocorticoid excess;…
Preeclampsia: Angiogenic Factors, Blood Pressure, and the Kidney
(1) Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State Street, Jackson, MS 39216, USA KeywordsPregnancyHypertensionAngiogenic factorsPlacentalKidneyVEGFImmune mechanismsNitric oxideEndothelin Introduction Preeclampsia (PE) is considered a pregnancy-specific…
Uric Acid and Hypertension: Is There Really a Link?
Fig. 12.1 Uric acid metabolism. Purines are degraded to hypoxanthine and xanthine. Xanthine oxidase converts hypoxanthine to xanthine and also xanthine to uric acid. Unlike most other animals, humans and…
Renal Sympathetic Denervation
Fig. 7.1 Practical recommendations for the use of renal denervation in clinical practice according to the European Society of Hypertension. (Reprinted from Schmieder et al. [23]. With permission from Wolters…
Hypertension in Children with Chronic Kidney Disease
Traditional factors Family history (essential HTN) Obesity Tumor (e.g., pheochromocytoma, Wilms, neuroblastoma) Neurologic (e.g., dysautonomia) Cardiovascular (coarctation, renal artery stenosis, middle aortic syndrome) Chronic lung disease, obstructive sleep apnea Endocrine…
Inflammation and Hypertension
Fig. 14.1 Hypertension induces inflammatory processes. Hypertension can promote inflammatory events within the vascular wall and the kidney. Increased sympathetic nerve activity (SNA) can drive both hypertension and immune cells…
