Histologic features Neonatal hepatitis Obstruction Giant-cell transformation Usually diffuse Usually focal Lobular disarray Usually marked Usually mild Bile duct proliferation Usually absent, focal ductular reaction can be present Prominent and…
Fig. 9.1 Liver development. (a) 30-day embryo. The caudal portion of the hepatic diverticulum (HD) forms the extrahepatic biliary tree (green), while the cranial portion penetrates the septum transversum and…
Fig. 3.1 Cardia in a normal child (alcian blue PAS at pH 2.5). Notice that the surface columnar cells have a mixed staining pattern of magenta and blue indicating presence…
Primary clinical features Gene(s) Protein(s) Disorder(s) Cholangiopathy CIRH1A CIRH1A, cirhin; cirrhosis, autosomal recessive 1A North American Indian childhood cirrhosis CLDN1 CLDN1; claudin 1 Neonatal sclerosing cholangitis with ichthyosis and alopecia…
Gastroesophageal reflux Allergy Infections Ingestion of corrosive agents Prolonged retention of medication pills Trauma Repaired esophageal atresia Crohn’s disease Radiation Motility disorder 2.1.2 Histology As in other segments of the…
Fig. 7.1 Traditional laparoscopic anti-GERD therapies. GERD gastroesophageal reflux disease Fig. 7.2 Treatment gap in the management of GERD. PPI proton pump inhibitors. (Reprinted from Ref. [9]) Fig. 7.3 Outline…
Fig. 2.1 Barium swallow peptic stricture Fig. 2.2 a, b EGD images. Peptic stricture (pre- and post-dilation) Multiple dilation sessions may be required in order to achieve durable symptom palliation…
(1) Department of Surgery, Keck Medical Center of University of Southern California, 892 Huntington Garden Drive, San Marino, 91108 Los Angeles, CA, USA Stephanie G. Worrell Email: tom.demeester@med.usc.edu KeywordsGastroesophageal refluxLower…
Fig. 3.1 Los Angeles (LA) classification of erosive esophagitis. Grade A: One (or more) mucosal break no longer than 5 mm that does not extend between the tops of two mucosal…
Fig. 5.1 Model of a parietal cell showing stimulatory receptors on its basal–lateral plasma membrane and their second messengers. AC adenylate cyclase, Ach acetylcholine, Ca 2+ calcium ion, cAMP cyclic…
