Criteria Grade A fistula Grade B fistula Grade C fistula Clinical conditions Well Often well Ill-appearing/bad Specific treatment No Yes/no Yes Ultrasound/CT scan Negative Negative/positive Positive Persistent drainage (> 3…
Fig. 43.1 Open lateral sphincterotomy. a Radial skin incision distal to the dentate line exposing the intersphincteric groove. b Elevation and division of the internal sphincter. c Primary wound closure….
Fig. 39.1 Large perineal defect demonstrating vast dead space and exposed viscera Primary closure of large perineal defects can be associated with unacceptable wound-healing complications ranging as high as 65…
Fig. 35.1 The anterior and posterior portions of the urethra are depicted The posterior urethra is composed of the prostatic urethra and the membranous, or intermediate, portion of the urethra….
Fig. 37.1 Rectovaginal fistula sites. a Low, b mid, chigh. (Modified from: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Rectovestibular_fistula_in_females.jpg by adding arrows, letters, and a legend. Under creative commons attribution 2.0 generic license, we are free…
Grade A Grade B Grade C Specific treatment Not required Fresh frozen plasma Transfer to intensive care unit Albumin Circulatory support (vasoactive drugs) Daily diuretics Hemodialysis Noninvasive ventilation Intubation…
A One (or more) mucosal break< 5 mm that does not extend between the peaks of two mucosal folds B One (or more) mucosal break> 5 mm long without continuity between the…
(1) Middlemore Hospital, Department of Surgery, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand Sanket Srinivasa Email: ahill@middlemore.co.nz KeywordsPresacral bleedingPresacral venous plexusBasivertebral veinsRectal surgerySuture ligationThumbtacksHaemostatic agents Introduction Presacral or pelvic bleeding…
Bulky tumors Recurrent disease Previous radiation therapy Previous pelvic surgery Previous urologic surgery Reoperative surgery Obesity In a study of 120 ureteral catheterizations in patients undergoing colorectal procedures for either…
Surgeon factors Patient factors Disease factors Intestinal blood supply Body mass index (BMI) Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) Tension at anastomotic site Anesthesia severity assessment (ASA) Metastatic carcinoma Perioperative hypoxia Age…
