Painful Conditions of the Lower Urinary Tract Including Painful Bladder Syndrome Steven E. Swift Toby C. Chai Alfred E. Bent INTRODUCTION Chronic pelvic pain is one of the most difficult…
Urodynamics Victor W. Nitti Melissa C. Fischer INTRODUCTION The lower urinary tract is responsible for the storage and evacuation of urine. Storage should occur at low pressure in order to…
Basic Evaluation of the Incontinent Female Patient Steven E. Swift Alfred E. Bent There remains considerable debate over what constitutes the minimal or basic evaluation of the incontinent female. Although…
Physiology of Lower Urinary Tract—Bladder and Urethra Toby C. Chai Gopal N. Gupta INTRODUCTION Normal bladder function is typified by the storage of an adequate volume of urine at low…
Outcomes Assessment Brian S. Yamada Kathleen C. Kobashi INTRODUCTION Pelvic floor disorders include a wide range of interrelated clinical conditions, such as urinary incontinence, voiding dysfunction, pelvic organ prolapse, defecatory…
Anatomy of the Pelvic Viscera Geoffrey W. Cundiff BACKGROUND Value of Surgical Anatomy As in all surgical specialties, the reconstructive pelvic surgeon is frequently faced with situations that are best…
Epidemiology of Pelvic Organ Prolapse and Urinary Incontinence Steven E. Swift INTRODUCTION The epidemiology of urinary incontinence and pelvic organ prolapse are often included together in the literature; however, these…
Basic Science and Renal Transplant Basic physiology of bladder and urethra Bladder The bladder has an endothelial lining (urothelium) on a connective tissue base (lamina propria), surrounded by smooth muscle…
Urological Surgery and Equipment Preparation of the patient for urological surgery The degree of preparation is related to the complexity of the procedure. Certain aspects of examination (pulse rate, BP)…
Paediatric Urology Embryology: urinary tract Following fertilization, a blastocyte (sphere of cells) is created, which implants into the uterine endometrium on day 6. The early embryonic disc of tissue develops…
