Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection (ESD)
Fig. 4.1 Subtypes of laterally spreading tumors (LSTs). (a) LST-G (H; homogenous type). (b) LST-G (MIX; mixed type). (c) LST-NG (F; flat elevated type). (d) LST-NG (PD; pseudo-depressed type) For…
Combined Endoscopic and Laparoscopic Surgery (CELS)
Adult or pediatric colonoscope with monitor (CO2 insufflation if available) Indigo carmine diluted 50 % with injectable saline Endoscopic injector needle Endoscopic snare Endoscopic Roth net® (US Endoscopy, Mentor, OH)…
Difficult Polyps: Conventional Methods
Excellent or good bowel preparation Straight colon Cooperative patient No proximal colon cancer Relatively fit patient with life expectancy >3 years Controlling the Colonoscope Control of the colonoscope is an…
Endoscopic Treatment of Perforations and Fistulas
Fig. 7.1 Illustration of twin grasper forceps to acquire tissue and pull into the endoscopic cap prior to deployment of the OTSC (Courtesy of Ovesco Endoscopy) Fig. 7.2 Image of…
Endoscopic Mucosal Resection (EMR)
Indications • The tumor does not have findings suggesting massive submucosal invasion (more than 1,000 μm) by endoscopic examination • Tumor diameter less than 20 mm Contraindications • Impaired organ function (cardiovascular, respiration,…
Liver Resection Surgery
Fig. 8.1 Trends in hepatic resection over a 10-year period showing increased utilization of segmental resections over major hepatectomy, reduced use of perioperative blood transfusion, and decreased morbidity and mortality…
Biliary and Duodenal Surgery
Fig. 7.1 Multiple variations of common hepatic bile duct anatomy. (a) Normal anatomy of the hepatic bile duct confluence. (b) Trifurcation type anatomy of the left hepatic with the anterior…
Gastric Surgery
Complications, risks, and consequences Estimated frequency Most significant/serious complications Injury to mouth, teeth, pharynx or larynxa 1–5 % Rare significant/serious problems Bleeding/hematoma formationa 0.1–1 % Perforationa 0.1–1 % Infection 0.1–1…
Esophageal Surgery
Complications, risks, and consequences Estimated frequency Most significant/serious complications Injury to mouth, teeth, pharynx, or larynxa 1–5 % Rare significant/serious problems Bleeding/hematoma formationa 0.1–1 % Perforationa 0.1–1 % Infection 0.1–1…
Pancreatic Surgery
Complications, risks, and consequences Estimated frequency Most significant/serious complications Infectiona overall 5–20 % Subcutaneous/wound 5–20 % Intra-abdominal/liver bed/pelvic 0.1–1 % Liver (hepatitis; abscess) 0.1–1 % Cholangitis 1–5 % Systemic 0.1–1…
