Fig. 31.1 Theoretical model for improved outcomes with the use of telemedicine [Tele-inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)] in patients with IBD Although not routinely applied to chronic gastrointestinal illnesses such as…
Phase Definition 0 Exploratory study involving very limited human exposure to the drug, with no therapeutic or diagnostic goals (e.g., screening studies, microdose studies) 1 Studies that are usually conducted…
Fig. 13.1 Pharmacologic mechanism of calcineurin and mTOR inhibitors. Similar mechanisms of action group cyclosporine, tacrolimus, and sirolimus into dependent inhibitors (see Chap. 14 for further information). Each is capable…
• Rectally administered 5-ASA is the most effective therapy for active L-UC and can be continued as a maintenance therapy • Topical corticosteroids are more effective than placebo for active L-UC but…
At least three of the following signs and laboratory findings: Heart rate > 120/min Temperature > 38.6 °C White cell count > 10.5 × 103/mm3 Anemia AND, at least one of the following: Dehydration Altered mental status Electrolyte…
Compliance is defined as “the extent to which the patient’s behavior matches the prescriber’s recommendations”. Adherence is defined as “the extent to which the patient’s behavior matches agreed recommendations from…
Fig. 8.1 Distribution of 5-ASA suppository in a patient with ulcerative proctitis. 99mTc-labeled 5-ASA suppository was given to a patient with refractory ulcerative proctitis. The medication spread to the sigmoid…
Fig. 3.1 Graphical representation of the disease activity in 600 UC patients in years 3–7 after diagnosis. 57 % had intermittent activity of which 28 % had a relapse in…
Therapeutic outcome Definition Response to corticosteroids Clinical improvement after treatment with high-dose oral steroids (40–60 mg prednisone or equivalent) within 30 days or clinical improvement after treatment with high-dose intravenous…
Fig. 6.1 The potential role of mesalamine in the current treatment algorithm for UC In the present chapter, we will review the pharmacology, mechanisms of action, and effectiveness of oral…
