Treatment Options for Testosterone Replacement Therapy
Fig. 10.1 TRT market overview There are many reasons for the rapid growth of the TRT market. We have an aging population, with the number of men 65 and older…
HIV and Testosterone in Men
Sensitivity (%) Specificity (%) NPV (%) PPV (%) R(+) R(−) Diag. OR TT 25.0 100 89.6 100 Infinite 0.75 Infinite FT (RIA) 33.3 96.2 90.4 57.1 8.76 0.69 12.7…
Effects of Androgen Deficiency and Replacement on Male Fertility
2. Spratt DI, O’Dea LSL, Schoenfeld D, Butler J, Rao PN, Crowley Jr WF. Neuroendocrine-gonadal axis in men: frequent sampling of LH, FSH, and testosterone. Am J Physiol. 1998;254:E658–66. 3….
The Use of Patient Reported Outcome Questionnaires in the Diagnosis of Androgen Deficiency
Reliability: a description of how well repeated measurements of the same parameter, with the same instrument, agree with one another Inter-rater reliability: a description of how well measurements of the…
The Role of Androgens in Prostate Cancer
Fig. 6.1 Simplified endocrinology of the prostate. Luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) from the hypothalamus stimulates the anterior pituitary to secrete luteinizing hormone (LH), which stimulates the Leydig cells of the…
Scrotal Ultrasound
Fig. 1 Patient is placed in a supine position with a towel placed under the scrotum Fig. 2 Patient positioning: the phallus is positioned up on the pubis, held by…
Physical Principles of Ultrasound of the Male Genitalia
Fig. 1 Longitudinal waves. The expansion and contraction of piezoelectric crystals caused by the application of alternating current to the crystals causes compression and rarefaction of molecules in the body…
Male Genital Ultrasound Protocols: Putting It All Together!
Fig. 1 Image showing both testes (single screen) Fig. 2 Left testicular measurements with the split screen: longitudinal view on left and transverse view on right Fig. 3 Right testicular…
Embryology Relevant to Ultrasound Imaging of the Male Genitalia
Fig. 1 Primordial germ cells at their location in yolk-sac as they begin their migration (a). The primordial germ cells migrating through the mesentery to the genital portion of the…
Penile Ultrasound
This concept of a Doppler shift is used to measure blood flow velocity whereby the shift in sound-wave frequency is detected by the ultrasound transducer after encountering active blood flow….
