Hereditary Tubulopathies
Abstract Hereditary tubular transport disorders comprise a group of diseases that usually present in the neonatal period, lead to profound derangements in the homeostasis of electrolytes, minerals, or organic solutes…
Kidney Injury in the Neonate
Abstract Acute kidney injury (AKI) is very common in the neonatal period occurring in approximately 6% to 24% of newborns in the ICU. Emerging data suggest that AKI lends itself…
Neonatal Hypertension: Diagnosis and Management
Abstract Hypertension in neonates is increasingly recognized as a result of advances in our ability to identify, evaluate, and care for premature infants. Normative data on normal blood pressure (BP)…
Lung Fluid Balance in Developing Lungs and Its Role in Neonatal Transition
Abstract The transition from placental gas exchange to air breathing is a complex process that requires adequate removal of fetal lung fluid and a concomitant increase in perfusion of the…
Use of Diuretics in the Newborn
Abstract Diuretics increase salt and water renal excretion. They do it by acting mainly on electrolyte and water transport across renal tubules. The sites of action of diuretics include the…
Acute Problems of Prematurity: Balancing Fluid Volume and Electrolyte Replacements in Very Low Birth Weight and Extremely Low Birth Weight Neonates
Abstract In this chapter, we will discuss three problem areas for achieving fluid and electrolyte balance in the extremely low birth weight (ELBW) infant less than 1000 g at birth, and…
Glomerular Filtration Rate in Neonates
Abstract Ultrafiltration of plasma across permselective glomerular capillaries and urine formation start around the 10th week of gestation and increase throughout prenatal and postnatal life. The rapid development of glomerular…
Fluid and Electrolyte Management of High-Risk Infants
Abstract In utero the placenta plays a primary role in the regulation of fetal fluid and electrolyte homeostasis. Following birth, the newborn is entirely dependent upon the birth mother or…
Renal Modulation: The Renin-Angiotensin System
Abstract The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) plays a critical role in the maintenance of salt and water homeostasis by the kidneys. However, the inappropriate activation of this system results in abnormal…
