Parenteral Nutrition in Premature Infants
Fig. 7.1 Perinatal growth and changes in weight gain, body composition, and protein accretion Nutritional Support in Premature Infants Nutrition of VLBW infants may be divided into two distinct periods:…
Bacterial Infections of the Small and Large Intestine
Fig. 15.1 General mechanisms causing diarrhea. Bacterial toxins can affect intestinal epithelial functions through different mechanisms. Chloride secretion and water secretion depend on the altered functionality of CFTR, CaCC, and…
Infectious Esophagitis
© Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2016Stefano Guandalini, Anil Dhawan and David Branski (eds.)Textbook of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition10.1007/978-3-319-17169-2_8 8. Infectious Esophagitis Salvatore Cucchiara1 , Giovanni Di Nardo1 and Salvatore Oliva1 (1) Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Gastroenterology and Liver Unit,…
Menetrier Disease
© Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2016Stefano Guandalini, Anil Dhawan and David Branski (eds.)Textbook of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition10.1007/978-3-319-17169-2_13 13. Menetrier Disease Yvan Vandenplas1 (1) Department of Pediatrics, UZ Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 101, 1090 Brussels, Belgium Yvan Vandenplas…
26 An internist’s approach to radiologic examination of the liver
Key Points Imaging is essential when evaluating the patient with suspected hepatobiliary disease. Ultrasound is the first choice when imaging the majority of these patients. Ultrasound is widely available, portable,…
12 Acute viral hepatitis in adults and children: hepatitis A, B, C, D, E, and others
Key Points Any acute viral hepatitis may present in three main ways: asymptomatic, symptomatic, or as a fulminant hepatitis. There are five well-characterized hepatitis viruses (HAV, HBV, HCV, HDV, HEV),…
22 Approach to metabolic and storage diseases
Key Points Metabolic liver diseases have a wide clinical spectrum of presentation and are often asymptomatic in adults. A high index of suspicion must be maintained in order to achieve…
25 Cystic disease of the liver
Key Points Simple cysts are benign and do not cause symptoms. They do not need investigation or follow-up. Simple cysts can be multiple and not be part of a polycystic…
2 Initial diagnosis, workup, and assessment of severity of liver disease in adults
Key Points The initial diagnosis of liver disease begins with a complete history, physical examination, and simple liver biochemical blood tests. Liver biochemistry determines the pattern of liver enzyme elevation—hepatocellular…
23 Wilson disease: when should you think of Wilson disease?
Key Points Wilson disease (WD) is a rare, but treatable, autosomal recessive disorder of hepatic copper disposition. Onset of clinical disease can occur at any age, though mainly between 3…
