Antioxidant Therapy in Male Infertility
Although reports have suggested the benefit of antioxidant treatment of infertile men, many studies also show no effect. Most studies in the literature are not randomized, placebo controlled, or double…
The Effect of Aging on Spermatogenesis and Pregnancy Outcomes
Until fairly recently, it had been assumed that paternal age had only a minor impact on reproductive outcome. Several recent provocative studies have raised the specter of a causal association…
Endocrine Manipulation in Male Infertility
Endocrine therapy for male infertility is broadly categorized as specific or nonspecific therapy. Although uncommon, primary endocrine diagnoses in infertile men are amenable to targeted therapy. The efficacy of empiric…
Reassessing Reconstruction in the Management of Obstructive Azoospermia: Reconstruction or Sperm Acquisition?
Treatments for male factor infertility secondary to reconstructable obstructive azoospermia include either surgical reconstruction or direct sperm retrieval. We examine the risks and benefits of both types of therapies and…
Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection (ICSI) – What are the Risks?
In vitro fertilization used in combination with intracytoplasmic sperm injection allows otherwise sterile couples to become parents. Despite recent studies on the safety of these technologies, there is still only…
Intrauterine Insemination and Male Subfertility
In this article we define male subfertility, review clinical indications for the use of intrauterine insemination, evaluate insemination preparation and administration technique, and ultimately advocate for its use as a…
The Genetics You Never Knew: A Genetics Primer
Our understanding about genetics is rapidly changing. The goal of this article is to provide an overview of the basics of and new developments in medical genetics—a Genetics 101 primer…
The Genetic Basis of Male Reproductive Failure
Evolving therapies have allowed the use of sperm from men with spermatogenic compromise, obstructive azoospermia, and sperm functional deficiency, enabling these men to procreate when unable to do so naturally….
Sperm Acquisition in Nonobstructive Azoospermia: What Are the Options?
Approximately 10% of male-factor infertility is caused by azoospermia, and nearly two thirds of these patients have nonobstructive azoospermia (NOA). As experience has been gained, increasing numbers of men who…
Restructuring Reconstructive Techniques—Advances in Reconstructive Techniques
Microsurgical reconstruction to correct male infertility, although usually performed for vasectomy reversal, also is performed to correct other types of iatrogenic, congenital, and postinflammatory obstruction. In an effort to improve…
