Modality Probe Imaging Dynamic study Compartment Levator ani and perineal muscles assessment Transpe rineal—2D Convex 3–6 MHz Sagittal, coronal Yes All Yes Transperineal—3D Convex 4–8 MHz Axial, multiplanar, tomographic No…
Fig. 10.1 The Bladder Control Self-Assessment Questionnaire (B-SAQ) Recently, a group of investigators [13] in the United States set their sights on validating a new screening tool aimed at identifying…
Fig. 14.1 Schematic illustration of a normal uroflowmetry curve, with flow rates measured over time. With permission from Haylen BT, De Ridder D, Freeman RM, Swift SE, Berghmans B, Monga…
Fig. 20.1 The Fear-Avoidance Model of Pain detailing how maladaptive thinking can perpetuate the cycle of pain and lead to avoidance of or hypervigilance for pain with sexual activity According…
Abdominal wall pain Coccyx dysfunction Hip disorders Lumbar spine disorders Pelvic disorders Persistent genital arousal syndrome Piriformis pain/syndrome Postural dysfunction Psoas pain Pubic symphysis disorders Pudendal neuralgia Sacroiliac joint dysfunction…
Fig. 19.1 Ten most common complementary health approaches among United States Adults in 2007. Source: Barnes PM, Bloom B, Nahin R. CDC National Health Statistics Reports #12. Complementary and Alternative…
Grade Description 0 Muscle not palpable 1 Muscle palpable but very flaccid, wide hiatus, minimal resistance to distension 2 Hiatus wide but some resistance to distension 3 Hiatus fairly narrow,…
Fig. 17.1 The pelvic floor structures according to DeLancey and Wei begin superiorly at the peritoneum and continue inferiorly throughout the pelvic viscera, endopelvic fascia, levator ani muscles, perineal membrane…
Fig. 18.1 Diagonal diagram. Adapted from CPA Teleconference, April 16, 2009 by Alejandro Elorriaga Clarac 18.8 Treatment Design for Central Pain Mechanisms It is important to target cortical structures…
Fig. 12.1 Recording errors when acquiring EMG data. (a) Raw EMG without recording errors, note the variation in peak amplitudes. (b) Clipping of EMG signals as can be seen by…
