Stone Disease
Stone Disease Kidney stones: epidemiology What is the risk of de novo stone formation? Previous editions of this book have stated that ˜10% of Caucasian men will develop a kidney…
Upper Tract Obstruction, Loin Pain, Hydronephrosis
Upper Tract Obstruction, Loin Pain, Hydronephrosis Hydronephrosis Dilatation of the renal pelvis and calyces (Fig. 10.1). When combined with dilatation of the ureters, known as hydroureteronephrosis. Obstructive nephropathy is damage…
Miscellaneous Urological Diseases of the Kidney
Miscellaneous Urological Diseases of the Kidney Simple and complex renal cysts Simple renal cysts: do not communicate with any part of the nephron or the renal pelvis. They are mainly…
Incontinence and Female Urology
Incontinence and Female Urology Incontinence: classification Definition Urinary incontinence (UI) is the complaint of any involuntary leakage of urine.1 It results from a failure to store urine during the filling…
Infections and Inflammatory Conditions
Infections and Inflammatory Conditions Urinary tract infection: definitions and epidemiology Definitions Urinary tract infection (UTI) UTI is currently defined as the inflammatory response of the urothelium to bacterial invasion. This…
Bladder Outlet Obstruction
Bladder Outlet Obstruction Regulation of prostate growth and development of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) BPH is characterized by an increase in epithelial and stromal cell numbers (hyperplasia) in the peri-urethral…
Urological Investigations
Urological Investigations Assessing kidney function When we talk about measuring kidney function, what we mean is measurement of glomerular filtration rate (GFR). This is regarded as the best measure of…
Significance and Preliminary Investigation of Urological Symptoms and Signs
Significance and Preliminary Investigation of Urological Symptoms and Signs Haematuria I: definition and types The presence of blood in the urine. The Joint Consensus Statement on the Initial Assessment of…
General Principles of Management of Patients
General Principles of Management of Patients Communication skills Communication is the imparting of knowledge and understanding. Good communication is crucial for the surgeon in his or her daily interaction with…
