Adverse kidney effects of immunotherapies
Introduction The scope of oncology has changed greatly over the past decade as therapies for cancer have moved toward creating or intensifying an immune response against it. The ever-growing number…
Conventional chemotherapy
Introduction Several conventional chemotherapeutics have been associated with renal side effects including kidney function deterioration, electrolyte disorders, tubular injury, glomerular lesions, tubulointerstitial nephritis, and the development of thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA)…
Targeted cancer therapies (biologics)
Introduction In the past decade, advances in cell biology have led to the development of anticancer agents that target specific molecular pathways. The National Cancer Institute (NCI) defines targeted therapies…
Chronic kidney disease, end-stage renal disease, and bone marrow transplant
Introduction Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is commonly used as a treatment for malignant and nonmalignant diseases. Over the past decade, there has been more focus on the chronic complications…
Graft-versus-host disease
Introduction Since 1957, when the first bone marrow transplantation was performed by Thomas et al., hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) has been used for the treatment of several hematologic and…
Thrombotic microangiopathy
Introduction Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is a potentially curative therapy for patients with hematologic malignancies, bone marrow failure syndromes, immunodeficiency states, and metabolic disorders. Thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA) is a…
Kidney function
Introduction Kidney function in oncologic patients is an important parameter for several reasons. In some specific cases, like urologic cancers, the tumor itself can cause acute or chronic kidney dysfunction….
Dysnatremias in cancer
Hyponatremia Hyponatremia and cancer relationship Hyponatremia is the most common electrolyte abnormality observed in cancer patients. In a retrospective cohort study from a comprehensive cancer center, hyponatremia (serum Na +…
Calcium and phosphorus disorders
Introduction Disturbances in calcium and phosphorus homeostasis are commonly encountered when caring for cancer patients. These may result from the malignancy itself or as a complication of the treatment process….
Potassium disorders
Introduction Potassium abnormalities, both hypo- and hyperkalemia, can occur with significant consequences in patients with malignancies. In addition to typical causes of disturbances in potassium homeostasis, there are unique etiologies…
