Abstract The upper gastrointestinal tract consists of oesophagus, stomach, and duodenum. These are distinct from one another histologically. The lining of the oesophagus consists mainly of non-keratinising stratified squamous epithelium,…
Abstract Histological support for a diagnosis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) requires characteristic features, e.g. basal plasmacytosis, architectural changes, and granulomas. Unfortunately, many conditions share histological features with IBD. One…
Abstract Infectious diseases of the lower gastrointestinal tract are caused by a vast array of viral, bacterial, fungal, and parasitic organisms. Pathologists are often called upon to distinguish infectious enterocolitis…
Abstract Biopsy assessment of chronic idiopathic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is important for diagnosis, classification, determination of activity, documentation of anatomical extent and distribution, detection of complications, and diagnosis and…
Abstract The small intestine has three structural parts: duodenum, jejunum and ileum. The jejunum and ileum are about 2.5 m long and 3 m long respectively in adults and form…
Abstract The lower gastrointestinal tract consists of ileum, vermiform appendix, colon, and rectum. The main epithelial cell types are absorptive cells, goblet cells, Paneth cells and endocrine cells. Structurally the…
Abstract Diverticular disease of the sigmoid colon is one of the commonest diseases seen at sigmoidoscopy/colonoscopy and yet biopsies are not often taken from the colon afflicted by this disease….
Abstract The commonest non-neoplastic conditions in the anal canal include haemorrhoids, fissures, fibroepithelial polyps and associated abscesses, manifestations of Crohn’s disease, Human Papilloma Virus infection, and other sexually transmitted infections…
Abstract Various intestinal and extraintestinal conditions may complicate IBD. Intestinal complications include infections, strictures, obstruction, fistulas, dysplasia, and malignancy. Extraintestinal complications or associations include cutaneous disease, arthropathy, ocular problems, primary…
Abstract Microscopic colitis is a diagnostic term that describes two distinct but clinically overlapping entities: collagenous colitis and lymphocytic colitis. Both conditions are characterised by the triad of chronic, non-bloody/watery…
