Food-Associated Illnesses
Food-Associated Illnesses Patients with food-related complaints pose a diagnostic challenge to their physicians because it is often difficult to document the underlying nature of the offending agent(s). Patients tend to…
Drug Effects
Drug Effects Drugs affect small intestinal structure and function in many ways. They may act as direct mucosal toxins, inhibit mucosal enzymes, interfere with micelle formation, alter the physicochemical state…
Chronic Ulcerative Jejunitis
Chronic Ulcerative Jejunitis Numerous diseases cause small intestinal ulcers (Table 6.9). The rare disorder, chronic ulcerative jejunitis, also known as nongranulomatous chronic idiopathic enterocolitis and chronic ulcerative nongranulomatous jejunoileitis (251),…
Acquired Anatomic Variations
Acquired Anatomic Variations Duodenal Diverticula Duodenal diverticula are found in 1% to 6% of radiologic examinations and in an average of 8.6% of autopsies (147). They complicate peptic ulcer disease,…
Duodenal Peptic Diseases
Duodenal Peptic Diseases Peptic Duodenitis Peptic duodenitis and peptic duodenal ulcers represent different phases in the response to increased acid secretion often as the result of antral predominant H. pylori…
The Neoplastic Esophagus
The Neoplastic Esophagus Esophageal tumors arise in any of the tissues comprising its four layers: The mucosa, submucosa, muscularis propria, and adventitia. Many types of carcinoma arise in the esophagus,…
Chronic Duodenitis Associated with Helicobacter Pylori Infection
Chronic Duodenitis Associated with Helicobacter Pylori Infection Gastric Helicobacter pylori infections associate with various changes in the duodenal bulb. These include intraepithelial lymphocytosis (166), chronic duodenitis, chronic active duodenitis, gastric…
Erosive Duodenitis
Erosive Duodenitis Erosive duodenitis may develop in patients subjected to severe stress or in those consuming large quantities of alcohol. The first part of the duodenum is most susceptible to…
Blood Supply
Blood Supply The duodenum is supplied by the celiac and superior mesenteric arteries (Fig. 6.11). The celiac trunk branches into the gastroduodenal artery. The superior mesenteric artery supplies the jejunum,…
Lymphatics and Lymphoid Follicles
Lymphatics and Lymphoid Follicles Lymphatic drainage starts with the central lacteal, which drains into the submucosal lymphatic plexus (Figs. 6.14 and 6.17). CD 38, a type II transmembrane glycoprotein involved…
