Patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) depend on dialysis to maintain fluid and electrolyte balance. Dialysis allows for solutes to diffuse between blood and dialysate such that, over the course…
Introduction Chronic progressive nephropathies, independent of the type of the initial insult, have in common persistently high levels of urinary protein excretion, chronic tubulointerstitial lesions, and glomerular sclerosis. It has…
Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) (MIM 173900) is a systemic disorder characterized by age-dependent occurrence of bilateral, multiple renal cysts as well as a variety of extrarenal manifestations. The…
We have made significant advances in understanding of the pathogenesis and treatment of secondary hyperparathyroidism in chronic kidney disease (CKD). These include: (1) the discovery of the calcium-sensing receptor CaSR…
Albuminuria is a sensitive marker of kidney dysfunction and associated with increased mortality and risk of cardiovascular disease. Urinary excretion of albumin is regulated by balance between glomerular filtration and…
This chapter focuses on the pathophysiological principles of Acute Kidney Injury (AKI), with special emphasis on the structural, cellular and molecular alterations occurring in ischemic, nephrotoxic and septic AKI. Changing…
This chapter discusses recent advances in the understanding of genetic kidney diseases that primarily involve the glomerulus. The chapter is organized according to the site or mechanism of the primary…
The intrinsic ability of the kidney to regulate renal blood flow and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) over a wide range of perfusion pressures has fascinated physiologists for decades. These adaptive…
Diabetic nephropathy is the major cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) in the industrialized world. Although the incidence of nephropathy due to type 1 diabetes may not be increasing, type…
Renal failure is a common complication of patients with advanced cirrhosis. The most common causes of renal failure in cirrhosis are those related to bacterial infections (with or without septic…