Tumor lysis syndrome
Introduction Tumor lysis syndrome (TLS) describes the series of metabolic events that result from the death of rapidly dividing cancer cells. When cancer cells die, either spontaneously or in response…
NEPHROLOGY
Evaluation of a renal cyst/mass
Introduction Epidemiology and risk factors Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the eighth most common malignancy in the world. According to the National Cancer Institute, in 2017 approximately 64,000 diagnoses were…
Acute kidney injury incidence, pathogenesis, and outcomes
Introduction Advances in therapy, risk stratification, and supportive care have improved survival of patients with cancer over the past 2 decades. Acute kidney injury (AKI) remains a common complication of…
Renal cell cancer
Introduction Kidney cancer, or renal cell carcinoma (RCC), is the most common malignancy seen in the practice of nephrology. It is one of the relatively few cancers whose incidence is…
Wilms tumor and von Hippel Lindau disease
Introduction Nephroblastoma, or Wilms tumor (WT), is the most common primary renal malignancy in childhood and represents 6% of all childhood cancers. WTs comprise over 95% of all kidney tumors…
Radiation nephropathy
Definition Radiation nephropathy is the kidney parenchymal injury and loss of function caused by radiation exposure to the kidneys. Its typical form is caused by external beam ionizing radiation, by…
Cancer screening recommendations
Paraneoplastic glomerulopathy remains a rare clinical entity. Please refer to Chapters 22 and 23 for a more detailed discussion on the reported prevalence and some of the purported mechanisms for…
Paraneoplastic glomerular diseases
Introduction Paraneoplastic syndromes refer to manifestations of cancer that are not related to tumor burden, invasion, or metastatic disease. The manifestations may be systemic or organ-limited and can involve virtually…
Paraneoplastic glomerulonephritis
Introduction Paraneoplastic syndrome refers to “clinical manifestations that are not directly related to tumor burden, invasion or metastasis, but are caused by secretion of tumor cell products, such as hormones,…
Chemotherapy in chronic kidney disease and dialysis
Malignancy remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality in the United States. It is estimated that up to 1,735,350 new cases of cancer will be diagnosed in 2018, with…