Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody–Associated Vasculitis and Antiglomerular Basement Membrane Disease

May 7, 2026 by in NEPHROLOGY Comments Off on Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody–Associated Vasculitis and Antiglomerular Basement Membrane Disease
Key Points • Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody glomerulonephritis is present in 70% of AAV patients, while kidney involvement in antiglomerular basement membrane disease is almost 100%. • Antiglomerular basement membrane disease…
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Infection-Related Glomerulonephritis

May 7, 2026 by in NEPHROLOGY Comments Off on Infection-Related Glomerulonephritis
Key Points The umbrella term “infection-related glomerulonephritis (IRGN)” includes glomerular diseases caused by bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites. While bacteria are commonly associated with IRGNs in industrialized countries, chronic parasitic…
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Genetics of Kidney Disease

May 7, 2026 by in NEPHROLOGY Comments Off on Genetics of Kidney Disease
Key Points • A precise genetic diagnosis in a patient with Mendelian disease can provide diagnostic and prognostic information for the patient and allow predictive testing to be offered to…
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Prevention and Management of Acute Kidney Injury

May 7, 2026 by in NEPHROLOGY Comments Off on Prevention and Management of Acute Kidney Injury
Key Points • Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a pleomorphic syndrome defined by rapid loss of kidney function that has multiple etiologies and clinical manifestations. • Clinically, acute kidney injury…
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Complement-Mediated Kidney Diseases

May 7, 2026 by in NEPHROLOGY Comments Off on Complement-Mediated Kidney Diseases
Key Points • In several diseases the tight homeostasis of the complement system is disrupted and results in overactivation of the complement system by genetic alterations, autoantibodies, or immune-complex formation….
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Kidney Cancer

May 7, 2026 by in NEPHROLOGY Comments Off on Kidney Cancer
Key Points • Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is diagnosed in approximately 81,000 patients per year in the United States. • Many more patients will be incidentally found to have a…
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Kidney Lesions Associated With Dysproteinemias

May 7, 2026 by in NEPHROLOGY Comments Off on Kidney Lesions Associated With Dysproteinemias
Key Points • Monoclonal gammopathy of renal significance is the clonal disorder that causes monoclonal immunoglobulin–induced kidney diseases that do not meet criteria for multiple myeloma or high-grade lymphoma. •…
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Tubulointerstitial Diseases

May 7, 2026 by in NEPHROLOGY Comments Off on Tubulointerstitial Diseases
Key points • Tubulointerstitial diseases are a relatively common cause of acute kidney injury (10%–20% of cases) and are likely to be a significant unrecognized cause of chronic kidney disease…
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Epidemiology of Kidney Disease

May 7, 2026 by in NEPHROLOGY Comments Off on Epidemiology of Kidney Disease
Key Points • The definition of chronic kidney disease (CKD) has remained stable since 2002, with staging now including cause, glomerular filtration rate, and albuminuria categories. • The prevalence of…
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Urinary Tract Infection in Adults

May 7, 2026 by in NEPHROLOGY Comments Off on Urinary Tract Infection in Adults
Key Points • Urinary tract infection (UTI) is a common problem for all ages, affecting primarily healthy females and individuals with underlying genitourinary abnormalities. With advancing age, healthy males become…
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