Pathophysiology of Acute Kidney Injury

May 7, 2026 by in NEPHROLOGY Comments Off on Pathophysiology of Acute Kidney Injury
Pathophysiology of Clinical Acute Kidney Injury The three major pathophysiologic categories—namely, prerenal, intrinsic, and postrenal (obstructive)—provide a framework for understanding the mechanisms of acute kidney injury (AKI). Prerenal Acute Kidney…
read more

Therapeutic Plasma Exchange and Other Extracorporeal Treatments in Management of Kidney and Related Diseases

May 7, 2026 by in NEPHROLOGY Comments Off on Therapeutic Plasma Exchange and Other Extracorporeal Treatments in Management of Kidney and Related Diseases
Key Points • Therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) and other extracorporeal separation techniques can be effective in removing large toxins, pathogenic antibodies, and neutralizing targeted substances and is often combined with…
read more

Nephrotic Syndrome: Primary and Secondary

May 7, 2026 by in NEPHROLOGY Comments Off on Nephrotic Syndrome: Primary and Secondary
Key Points • Nephrotic syndrome is a clinical condition arising from podocyte injury, typically associated with glomerular diseases collectively termed podocytopathies. These disorders are characterized ultrastructurally by diffuse effacement of…
read more

Dietary Approaches to Kidney Diseases

May 7, 2026 by in NEPHROLOGY Comments Off on Dietary Approaches to Kidney Diseases
Introductory points Diet is A Key Component of Management of Chronic Kidney Disease Analysis of U.S. data showing that diet is the single largest chronic kidney disease (CKD)-related risk factor…
read more

Primary and Secondary Hypertension

May 7, 2026 by in NEPHROLOGY Comments Off on Primary and Secondary Hypertension
Key Points • The prevalence of hypertension is rising, treatment is suboptimal, and control is insufficient. It is imperative that clinicians focus on screening patients and promptly initiating lifestyle changes…
read more

IgA Nephropathy and IgA Vasculitis

May 7, 2026 by in NEPHROLOGY Comments Off on IgA Nephropathy and IgA Vasculitis
Key Points • IgA nephropathy is the most common primary glomerular disease worldwide. • IgA nephropathy carries a high life-time risk of kidney failure. • Production of poorly O-glycosylated polymeric…
read more

Urinary Tract Obstructio n

May 7, 2026 by in NEPHROLOGY Comments Off on Urinary Tract Obstructio n
Key points • Hydronephrosis and obstructive uropathy are not interchangeable terms—dilatation of the renal pelvis and calices can occur without obstruction, and urinary tract obstruction may occur in the absence…
read more
Get Clinical Tree app for offline access