Introduction Liver transplantation has become the standard of care for children with an array of disease processes. Collectively, progressive hepatic disease with complications of end-stage liver disease (ESLD), metabolic disease…
Introduction For many end-stage organ diseases, transplantation remains the most effective and often the only option for curative treatment. This is especially true for liver disease, where supportive care and…
Introduction The ultimate goal for a pediatric liver transplant (LT) program is for transplant recipients to live a normal lifespan free from disease recurrence or long-term morbidity. The healthcare needs…
Introduction Clinical liver transplantation stems from the pioneering work of Professor Thomas Starlz in Denver, Colorado, where he attempted the first human liver transplantation on March 1, 1963. The recipient…
Principal Historical Milestones and Breakthroughs Technical Aspects The basic technique of orthotopic liver transplantation was developed in dogs by Thomas E. Starzl in the early 1960s; the dog I watched…
Introduction Gastroparesis, also called delayed gastric emptying, is a chronic digestive condition where the stomach fails to properly empty, causing sometimes debilitating symptoms, including nausea, vomiting, pain, and distention/bloating, which…
Introduction Normal gastric motor function requires coordinated interaction between the central nervous system (CNS), the enteric nervous system (ENS), interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC), and smooth muscle cells (SMCs). Gastroparesis…
Key points • Epidemiological studies show that the incidence of gastroparesis in women is four times higher than men. • Female sex hormones fluctuate during different hormonal stages including the…
Introduction In gastroparesis, there is abnormal function of extrinsic vagal innervation, smooth muscle, enteric nervous system, or pacemakers in the stomach wall, specifically, the interstitial cells of Cajal (ICCs) or…
Abbreviations EFTB endoscopicfull-thickness biopsy EMR endoscopic mucosal resection FTRD full-thickness resection device ICC interstitial cells of Cajal MP muscularis propria OTSC over-the-scope-clip Introduction Gastroparesis is a syndrome of delayed gastric…
