What Is Fractional Excretion and How Does Measuring It Help in Clinical Practice? DERIVATION OF THE FORMULA Fractional excretion is a term that nephrologists frequently use in clinical practice (Schrier,…
How Should Changes in Plasma Creatinine Be Interpreted? Renal (glomerular) function is best determined by measuring the glomerular filtration rate (GFR). The most common methods utilize the endogenous substance creatinine,…
Malignant Peritoneal Mesothelioma Sam G. Pappas David L. Bartlett Introduction Mesotheliomas are neoplasms arising from the lining of the pleural, pericardial, and peritoneal cavities. Malignant peritoneal mesothelioma (MPM) is a…
Cancer of Unknown Primary Site John D. Hainsworth F. Anthony Greco Cancer of unknown primary site accounts for approximately 2% of all cancer diagnoses. Despite the fact that this syndrome…
Small Bowel Cancers Kimberly Moore Dalal Yuman Fong Introduction Small bowel cancers are relatively rare lesions, accounting for 2% of all gastrointestinal (GI) malignancies. Although most tumors are asymptomatic, some…
Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors George D. Demetri Brian P. Rubin Mesenchymal tumors of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract comprise a widely diverse group of neoplasms, completely separate from carcinomas or neuroendocrine tumors….
Lymphomas of the Gastrointestinal Tract Andrew D. Zelenetz The non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHLs) are a broad spectrum of lymphoid malignancies arising from B cells, T cells, and natural killer (NK) cells,…
Neuroendocrine Tumors of the Gastrointestinal Tract Matthew H. Kulke Chandrajit P. Raut Introduction Neuroendocrine tumors are generally subcategorized as either carcinoid tumors or pancreatic endocrine tumors. Both tumor types are…
Anal Canal Cancer Cathy Eng Jaffer Ajani The treatment of squamous cell carcinoma (SCCA) of the anal canal is unique to gastrointestinal malignancies and depends solely on the efficacy of…
Colorectal Cancer: Surgery and Local Ablation of Liver Metasteses Philippe Taleb Bernard Nordlinger Introduction The most frequent cause of death in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) is liver metastases, which…
