Subclinical Varicocele
Studies Patients no Design Therapy Diagnostic method Outcomes Unal 2001 [244] 42 infertile men with subclinical varicocele RCT Group 1: (n = 21) Clomiphene citrate Group 2 (n = 21) Varicocele repair CDU Sperm…
Studies Patients no Design Therapy Diagnostic method Outcomes Unal 2001 [244] 42 infertile men with subclinical varicocele RCT Group 1: (n = 21) Clomiphene citrate Group 2 (n = 21) Varicocele repair CDU Sperm…
Fig. 1.1 Photograph of a large left varicocele seen through the scrotal skin (left). Illustration of varicose veins on the left spermatic cord as compared to normal sized-veins on the…
Fig. 26.1 A retrograde ureteropyelogram demonstrates a 3 cm ureteral tumor After examining the lower urinary tract, the entire upper urinary tract is thoroughly surveyed using one of two “no…
Fig. 25.1 Cross-section view of a flexible ureteroscope showing the optical system and 3.6 Fr working channel (a). Figure 23.1a from Cohen JH, Grasso III, M. Ureteroscopy for Upper Ureteric…
Fig. 4.1 Retrograde pyelogram showing a left ureteropelvic junction (UPJ) obstruction from a high insertion of the left ureter When intervention is indicated, the reference standard has historically been open…
Fig. 19.1 Operating Room Setup Schematic: (1) GU imaging capable operating table with stirrups attached, (2) Anesthesia equipment, (3) IV pole with 4 hooks, (4) Fluoroscope, (5) Laser, (6) Endoscopy…
Fig. 31.1 (a) Preoperative KUB demonstrated a 6 × 8 mm lower pole renal stone. (b) Postoperative KUB demonstrated no residual stone in kidney Fig. 31.2 Postoperative KUB demonstrates a…
Fig. 16.1 Examples of Dormia helical stone baskets: (a) Bagley (Boston Scientific, Natick, MA, USA). Courtesy of Boston Scientific. (b) Dormia basket with filiform tip With the introduction of percutaneous…
Fig. 34.1 Leadbetter-Politano intravesical ureteral reimplantation. From Kayler L, Kang, Molmenti E et al. Kidney transplant ureteroneocystostomy techniques and complications: review of the literature. Transplant Proc 2010;42:1413–1420. Reprinted with permission…
Fig. 23.1 Basic semirigid ureteroscopy (arrow) setup The essential paraphernalia, such as stone baskets and ureteral stents, needed for rigid and semirigid ureteroscopy is listed elsewhere in this book. Techniques…