Abdominal Key

Chapter 22 HIV/AIDS GASTROINTESTINAL AND LIVER MANIFESTATIONS KEY POINTS • In acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), reduction in oral intake is a critical factor in malnutrition and cachexia. Nutritional supplementation is…

CHAPTER 31 ASCITES KEY POINTS • Portal hypertension due to cirrhosis is the most common cause of ascites in Western countries, accounting for approximately 80% of cases. • Peritoneal malignancies…

CHAPTER 30 EVALUATING ABNORMAL LIVER TESTS KEY POINTS • Liver enzyme abnormalities may be physiological or pathological. • Any persistent elevation of liver function tests must be investigated. • A…

Chapter 28 HOW TO PREPARE PATIENTS FOR ENDOSCOPIC PROCEDURES KEY POINTS Correct patient preparation involves: • Informed consent—a discussion of the nature of the procedure as well as risks, benefits…

Chapter 26 PRACTICAL ISSUES IN NUTRITION AND SUPPLEMENTATION IN GASTROINTESTINAL DISEASE KEY POINTS • In upper gastrointestinal obstruction, endoscopic techniques facilitate access to the normal functional bowel distal to the…

Chapter 16 INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE KEY POINTS Ulcerative colitis: • In ulcerative colitis (UC), the rectum is always involved, which may lead to urgency and bleeding. • The main parameters…

Chapter 25 EATING DISORDERS ANOREXIA NERVOSA KEY POINTS • Anorexia nervosa (AN) is characterised by a refusal to maintain a healthy body weight; resistance to gain weight, an intense fear…

Chapter 17 COLORECTAL CANCER KEY POINTS • Colorectal cancer is a major health concern with more than one million new cases yearly, and an overall mortality rate of 50% worldwide….

Chapter 24 WEIGHT LOSS KEY POINTS • Weight loss is defined as >5% loss of usual body weight over a period of 6–12 months. • Body mass index (BMI) is…

Chapter 21 ANAL PAIN KEY POINTS • The differential diagnosis of anal pain includes anal fissure, abscess and proctalgia fugax. Haemorrhoids rarely cause pain unless they are complicated by thrombosis….