Laparoscopy in Pregnant Patients
Cardiovascular ↑Plasma blood volume (40–50 %) ↑SV ↑CO (50 %) ↓SVR ↓BP, ↑HR Pulmonary ↔TLC ↓FRC ↑IC ↑MV Hematology ↑RBC volume ↓Hcta ↑Hypercoagulable state Gastrointestinal ↓Gastric emptying ↓GEJ tone …
Emergent Laparoscopic Colorectal Surgery
Fig. 27.1 Port placement alternatives for emergent colorectal surgery Indications Colorectal Perforation Acute Colonoscopic Perforation Laparoscopic intervention can be a suitable approach for both acute and delayed colonoscopic perforations. The…
Future Directions in Minimally Invasive Surgery
Fig. 36.1 (a) Laparoscopic view of a colovesical fistula. (b) Hand-assisted laparoscopic techniques allow for takedown of the fistula and demonstration of the abscess cavity Equipment The equipment available for…
Outcomes of Laparoscopic Surgery
OS (references) LAS (references) Equivalent (references) Shorter procedure time [1, 5, 8, 14–16, 18, 49, 51, 53, 55–58] – – Lower conversion rate – – – Decreased length of…
Economics of Laparoscopic Colectomy
Author deSouza Tyler Park Complications 21 % vs. 20 % 22 % vs. 22 % NA OR duration (minutes) 118 vs. 158 NA 130 vs. 196 LOS (days) 5 vs….
Perioperative Assessment
ASA grade Status Absolute mortality (%) 1 Normal healthy patient 0.1 2 Mild systemic disease or patient over 80 years old 0.2 3 Systemic disease that causes definite functional limitation…
Right Colectomy: Hand-Assist
Fig. 5.1 The patient is positioned on the operating table in the supine position with both arms tucked at the side. Tape is used around the chest and the legs…
The Laboratory Diagnosis of Testosterone Deficiency
Fig. 2.1 Fractions of circulating total testosterone SHBG can vary considerably in men, greatly affecting total testosterone levels. Because SHBG-bound testosterone is not bioavailable, relying solely on total testosterone as…
Testosterone and Its Association with Metabolic and Cardiovascular Disease
Fig. 5.1 (a–d) Total, calculated free, calculated bioavailable testosterone (T), and LH (log. transformed) levels as a function of obesity classes. Data are expressed as mean (95% confidence interval). BMI…
Androgen Deficiency in the Adolescent Male
Fig. 7.1 Hypothalamus-pituitary-gonadal axis. (Reprinted from Zavos, P. (2009). Male Infertility. Retrieved from http://www.homefertility.com/mi.html. With permission from Prof. Dr. Panayiotis Zavos.) The onset of normal puberty varies between children, but…
