Fig. 8.1 Bismuth and Corlette classification of malignant biliary strictures Targeted unilateral endoscopic drainage using a single stent of MRCP-selected ducts has been associated with a reduced risk of post-ERCP…
Fig. 22.1 Radial echoendoscope Radial echoendoscopes can be subdivided into two types: mechanical and electronic (Table 22.1). The mechanical echoendoscope is the predecessor of the electronic technology and currently Olympus is…
Fig. 5.1 a. ERCP with a smooth eccentric narrowing ( arrows) in the distal biliary tree without evidence of a mobile filling defect or a distinct stone. b. Stent is…
Fig. 10.1 ERCP cholangiogram revealing a variant of a type I choledochal cyst, with cystic dilation of the proximal extrahepatic biliary tree just below the bifurcation. ERCP endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography…
Fig. 13.1 Pre-ESWL plain abdominal x-ray image showing multiple small to large stones along the pancreatic duct in the head and body region Fig. 13.2 MRCP showing diffusely dilated pancreatic…
Fig. 11.1 Transabdominal ultrasound showing hyperechoic structure with postacoustic shadowing representing cholelithiasis Questions: 1. Which of the aforementioned liver function test abnormalities are most important for medical decision making for…
Score (points) 1 2 3 No. of polyps 1–4 5–20 > 20 Size (mm) 1–4 5–10 > 10 Histology Tubular Tubulovillous Villous Dysplasia Mild Moderate Severe Stage 0: 0 point, Stage I:…
Fig. 6.1 Transabdominal ultrasound revealing a large (128 × 103 mm) cystic lesion in right lobe of liver with internal echoes How Is Cholangitis Diagnosed? Etiologies of Cholangitis Biliary stones are…
Site/Lesion Number of cases required Mucosal tumors (cancers of the esophagus, stomach, and rectum) 75 Subepithelial abnormalities 40 Pancreaticobiliary 75 EUS-FNA 50 (includes 25 pancreatic FNA) Non-pancreatic FNA 25 Pancreatic…
Grade of difficulty Biliary procedures Pancreatic procedures Grade 1 Diagnostic cholangiogram Diagnostic pancreatogram Biliary cytology Pancreatic cytology Standard sphincterotomy with removal of stones < 10 mm Stricture dilation, stent or nasobiliary drain…
