ERCP in Chronic Pancreatitis
Fig. 13.1 Pre-ESWL plain abdominal x-ray image showing multiple small to large stones along the pancreatic duct in the head and body region Fig. 13.2 MRCP showing diffusely dilated pancreatic…
Acute Biliary Pancreatitis: Image, Intervene, or Observe?
Fig. 11.1 Transabdominal ultrasound showing hyperechoic structure with postacoustic shadowing representing cholelithiasis Questions: 1. Which of the aforementioned liver function test abnormalities are most important for medical decision making for…
Ampullectomy
Score (points) 1 2 3 No. of polyps 1–4 5–20 > 20 Size (mm) 1–4 5–10 > 10 Histology Tubular Tubulovillous Villous Dysplasia Mild Moderate Severe Stage 0: 0 point, Stage I:…
Biliary Infections
Fig. 6.1 Transabdominal ultrasound revealing a large (128 × 103 mm) cystic lesion in right lobe of liver with internal echoes How Is Cholangitis Diagnosed? Etiologies of Cholangitis Biliary stones are…
Training in Endoscopic Ultrasound
Site/Lesion Number of cases required Mucosal tumors (cancers of the esophagus, stomach, and rectum) 75 Subepithelial abnormalities 40 Pancreaticobiliary 75 EUS-FNA 50 (includes 25 pancreatic FNA) Non-pancreatic FNA 25 Pancreatic…
Training in Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography
Grade of difficulty Biliary procedures Pancreatic procedures Grade 1 Diagnostic cholangiogram Diagnostic pancreatogram Biliary cytology Pancreatic cytology Standard sphincterotomy with removal of stones < 10 mm Stricture dilation, stent or nasobiliary drain…
EUS-FNA of Mediastinal Masses
Fig. 3.1 Substernal goiter. Sheets of bland-appearing follicular epithelial cells and colloid (a). Focal oxyphilic change is also present (b). (DiffQuik stain, high magnification) Thymoma Thymoma is a neoplasm of…
EUS and EUS-FNA of Intramural Masses of the Esophagus, Stomach, and Proximal Intestinal Tract
Fig. 5.1. Histologic and ultrasound correlation of the GI wall concentric layers. 1. Mucosa/interface (clear line); 2. Deep mucosa (lamina propria, muscularis mucosa) (dark line); 3. Submucosa (clear line); 4.Muscularis…
ERUS and ERUS-FNA of Intramural and Extramural Masses of the Colorectum
Fig. 6.1. Radial EUS showing the five circumferential layers of the normal rectal wall. (Courtesy of Drs. Vikesh K. Singh and Vivek Kumbhari, The Johns Hopkins Hospital, Maryland, USA) ERUS-FNA,…
EUS and EUS-FNA in Lung, Esophageal, and Gastrointestinal Tract Nodal Cancer Staging
Fig. 4.1. Nodal cancer staging. Ultrasound features of benign (a) and suspicious (b, calipers) lymph nodes Table 4.1. Nodal staging sonographic criteria (Fig. 4.1) N0 Sonographic feature N1 < 1 cm Size > 1 cm…
