Electrical Stimulation of the GI Tract
Fig. 46.1 Endoscopic pictures of temporary GES placement . The lead is screwed clockwise into the gastric mucosa (a). Clips are placed endoscopically to anchor the lead to the mucosa…
Pediatric Chronic Intestinal Pseudo-obstruction
Primary CIPO • Sporadic or familial forms of hollow visceral myopathy/neuropathy (e.g., megacystis-microcolon-intestinal hypoperistalsis syndrome) [7, 28–45] • Mitochondrial neurogastrointestinal encephalomyopathy (MNGIE) [19, 46–48] • Hirschsprung disease [49–51] • Neuropathy associated with multiple endocrine…
Antroduodenal Manometry
Fig. 8.1 Examples of conventional (a) and spatiotemporal plot (b) of normal migrating motor complex (MMC) recorded in a child with recurrent vomiting. All three phases (phase I, phase II,…
Functional Constipation in Children
Age <4 years Developmental age of ≥4 years Rome III criteria • <3 defecations per week • <3 defecations in the toilet per week • ≥1 episode of fecal incontinence per week after…
Visceral Sensitivity
Fig. 4.1 Spinal and vagal innervation of the gastrointestinal tract. Upper portion: sensory information from vagal receptors is carried by vagal afferent nerves (1) with nerve cell bodies in the…
Esophageal Manometry
and Annamaria Staiano2 (1) Section of Pediatrics, Department of Translational Medical Science, University of Naples “Federico II”, Naples, Italy (2) Department of Translational Medical Science, Section of Pediatrics, University of Naples…
Chronic Intestinal Pseudo-obstruction Syndrome: Surgical Approach and Intestinal Transplantation
Fig. 50.1 Laparotomy for chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction Performing intestinal full-thickness biopsies at different levels for histopathologic analysis Performing an enterostomy according to the level of intestinal distension In reality, in…
Esophageal pH and Impedance Monitoring
Reference n Mean age (range) Number of reflux episodes/24 h Reflux index (% time pH < 4) (%) Infants Vandenplas et al. [14] 509 2 months (0–11 month) 73 11.7…
Aerophagia
Diagnostic criteriaa must include all of the following: 1. Excessive air swallowing 2. Abdominal distention due to intraluminal air which increases during the day 3. Repetitive belching and/or increased flatus 4. After appropriate evaluation,…
Barostat and Other Sensitivity Tests
Fig. 13.1 Schematic diagram of a barostat and catheter Because visceral sensitivity relies on wall pressure and not on volume of the organ [1, 2], sensory thresholds should be expressed…
