Bile Acids and Viral Hepatitis and Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Fig. 11.1 Bar charts of five bile acids that are differentially expressed among patients with Child–Pugh A, B, and C cirrhosis. Serum levels of GCA, GCDCA, TCA, TCDCA, and GUDCA…
Bile Acids and Metabolic Syndrome
Fig. 15.1 FXR-dependent metabolic regulation. FXR signaling regulates lipid and glucose metabolism. FXR signaling reduces lipogenesis (SREBP1c) and induces fatty acid β oxidation (PPARα) and plasma TG clearance (LPL and…
Bile Acids and Cholestatic Liver Disease 2: Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis
Fig. 8.1 Etiology of PSC Three ulcerative colitis (UC) susceptibility loci associated with PSC, harboring the putative candidate genes REL, IL2, and CARD9, have been identified [6]. A study reported…
Bile Acids and NAFLD/NASH
Fig. 10.1 Bile acid receptors (FXR, TGR5) and metabolic regulation in the liver. FXR is expressed in hepatocytes in the liver. TGR5 is expressed in LSECs and Kupffer cells in…
Intestinal Digestion and Absorption
Fig. 3.1 Enzymatic hydrolysis and micellar solubilization of dietary lipids. BA conjugated bile acid, C cholesterol, CE cholesterol ester, DG diacylglycerol, FFA free fatty acid, LPC lysophosphatidylcholine, MG monoacylglycerol, PC…
Metabolism of Bile Acids
Fig. 1.1 Types of bile acids 1.2 Biosynthesis of Bile Acids Two pathways, classical (neutral) pathway and alternative pathway, are known for the biosynthesis of bile acids [1]. Neutral pathway…
Bile Acid and Colorectal Cancer
Fig. 14.1 The schema of the randomized control study [36]. Eligible criteria included the removal of one or more colorectal adenomas with a diameter of 3 mm or more during a…
Bile Acids and Esophageal Cancer
© Springer Japan KK 2017Susumu Tazuma and Hajime Takikawa (eds.)Bile Acids in Gastroenterology10.1007/978-4-431-56062-3_13 13. Bile Acids and Esophageal Cancer Juntaro Matsuzaki1 and Hidekazu Suzuki2 (1) Division of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1…
Bile Acids and Cholestatic Liver Disease 3: Inborn Errors of Bile Acid Synthesis
Fig. 9.1 Simplified scheme of the two major pathways for the synthesis of bile acids from cholesterol and for their recycling. The “neutral” pathway starts with conversion of cholesterol to…
Bile Acids and Pancreatic Disease
Fig. 12.1 A schema of bile acid signaling in pancreatic acinar cells. Extracellular bile acid enters pancreatic acinar cells through Na+-dependent transporter Ntcp at the luminal membrane and Na+-independent transporter…
