Abdominal Key

Chromosome Plausible risk gene Study 1 MMEL1, TNFRSF14 Folseraas et al. (2012) [56] 2 BCL2L11 Melum et al. (2011) [59] 2 CD28, CTLA4 Liu et al. (2013) [27] 2 CCL20…

Study Country Cohort N. of patients IgG4-SC N (%) AIP N (%) Kanno et al. [43] Japan AIP 91 8 311 (33.8) 918 (100) Ghazale et al. [26] USA IgG4-SC…

Features Classical AID PSC Autoantigen(s) Yes Possibly Autoantibody Yes, pathogenetic Yes, biomarker Age Children and adults Children and adults Gender predilection Female > male Male > female Genetic factors HLA,…

Region Study period Number of cases Incidencea Prevalenceb Reference Northern Europe Norway 1986–1995 17 1.3 8.5 [9] Sweden 1992–2005 199 1.22 16.2 [8] Netherlands 2000–2007 519 0.5 6.0 [12] UK…

Fig. 3.1 Absolute cumulative risk for colorectal dysplasia or cancer over time among patients with UC and those with PSC-UC [1] Given the apparent increased incidence of colorectal neoplasia in…

and James R. BurtonJr.1   (1) University of Colorado Hospital, Anschutz Outpatient Pavilion, 7th Floor, Transplant Center, 1635 Aurora Court, B154, Aurora, CO 80045, USA     James R. BurtonJr. Email: James.Burton@UCDenver.edu KeywordsCholangiocarcinomaHepatocellular carcinomaGallbladder carcinoma Technical…

Fig. 15.1 (a–c) The typical steps of percutaneous transhepatic drainage. Needle passes are performed with injection of contrast until the biliary system is identified, often from access of a relatively…

Fig. 11.1 Bile acid physiology and circulation: an avenue for therapeutic applications. Bile acids (BAs) are synthesized by hepatocytes and subsequently secreted into canalicular bile by means of specialized hepatocyte…

Fig. 10.1 Itch pathways. The two main peripheral itch pathways include the histaminergic pathway (red line stimulated by histamine) and the non-histaminergic pathway (blue line stimulated by a number of…