Tumor Biologically active peptide Tumor sites (abdominal) Main symptoms/signs Carcinoid syndrome Serotonin, tachykinins Midgut, pancreas Diarrhea, abdominal pain, flushing Gastrinoma Gastrin Duodenum, pancreas Pain, diarrhea Insulinoma Insulin Pancreas Hypoglycemic symptoms…
Fig. 2.1 Histologic features of digestive neuroendocrine neoplasms as exemplified in the pancreas according to morphologic criteria for tumor grading. Well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumors of grade 1 exhibit organoid appearance featuring…
Fig.7.1 Localization of feeding tubes at the upper GI tract (Jet-PEG PEG with jejunal port) Tubes’ nomenclature: Tubes to be inserted manually: Nasogastric tubes: – Nasogastric Tubes to be inserted…
Fig. 1.1 Pit pattern classification according to Kudo They don’t replace (yet) the histopathological exam. The need for pre-therapeutic biopsies is under debate. For the confirmation of the existence of a…
Fig. 9.1 a, b Segmental, third grade hemorrhoidal prolapse (digital reposition possible) The staging of hemorrhoids is carried out by thorough history taking and a meticulous proctological examination. In this…
Biliary interventions Therapeutic intention Choledocholithiasis Stone extraction Lithotripsy Restoration of biliary drainage Cholestasis Restoration of biliary drainage Biliary pancreatitis Stone extraction Cholangitis Restoration of biliary drainage Stenosis Dilatation Bougienage Stenting…
Fig. 10.1 a Hourglass-shaped gastrointestinal stromal tumor located in the gastric fundus that appears by endoscopic assessment to be endoluminally growing. b Endosonographic finding that obviously supports endoscopic assessment. c…
Mediastinum Primary diagnosis lung cancer: Cytohistological diagnosis of lung cancer, lymph node metastasis, distant mets Mediastinal lymph node staging: histologic proof of N2 or N3 situation (NSCLC); proof of any…
Fig. 3.1 a Visible vessel within a Dieulafoy’s lesion of the antrum. b Endoscopic bleeding control with clip application Mallory-Weiss lesions, esophageal varices, and malignancies within the upper GI tract…
Fig. 2.1 Tools for gastrointestinal dilation. a Savary–Gilliard dilator. b Maloney dilator. c balloon dilator In addition to endoscopic standard equipment, a fluoroscopy unit should be available, even though many…
