Abdominal Key

Fig. 13.1 Red blood cells of a patient with sickle-cell disease. Left: Oxygenated. Right: Deoxygenated. The shape of the cells when deoxygenated causes them to break easily. [Courtesy of Dr….

(a) Blood loss anemia   Intraoperative blood loss   Repeated blood draws—phlebotomy   Gastrointestinal   Menstrual blood losses (b) Decreased RBC production  Decreased effective production   Iron deficiency—absolute or functional   Folate deficiency—medications   Pure red cell…

Grade Symptom severity Hemoglobin values 0 Within normal limits 12.0–16.0 g/dL for women and 14.0–18.0 g/dL for men 1 Mild 10 g/dL to levels within normal limits 2 Moderate 8.0–10.0 g/dL 3 Serious/severe 6.5–7.9 g/dL…

Fig. 5.1 Normal erythropoiesis. The hematopoietic stem cell (HSC), once committed, differentiates into the blast-forming units—erythroid (BFU-E) that in turn differentiates into the colony-forming unit—erythroid (CFU-E). The proerythroblast (Pro-EB), the…

Acute blood loss anemia (portal hypertension-related)  Esophageal varices  Gastric varices  Rectal varices Chronic blood loss anemia  Portal hypertensive gastropathy  Portal hypertensive enteropathy  Portal hypertensive colopathy  Gastric-antral vascular ectasia Acute hemolytic…

Method Equation Cockcroft-Gault [(140—Age in years) × (Weight in kg) × (0.85 if female)]/(72 × Scr in mg/dL) MDRD 186 × (Scr)−1.154 × (Age)−0.203 × (0.742 if female) × (1.212 if African American) CKD-EPI A × (Scr/B)C × (0.993)Age A: African American female = 166; African American male = 163;…

  Oral agents Intravenous agents Most common agents Ferrous fumarate Ferric gluconate Ferrous gluconate Ferumoxytol Ferrous sulfate Iron sucrose Polysaccharide-iron complex  Side effects Gastrointestinal (metallic taste, flatulence, constipation, diarrhea, abdominal…

Etiology Prevalence (%) Chronic inflammation (chronic disease) 23.0 Iron deficiency 18 Renal failure 9 Liver disease and endocrine disease (chronic disease) 7 Posthemorrhagic 7 Folate deficiency 6 Myelodysplasia 5 Vitamin…