Hypermagnesemia
Case Study 1 A 12-year-old patient with chronic renal failure developed hypermagnesemia (serum magnesium 3.3 mg/dL) as a result of excess antacid ingestion. Which of the following electrolyte abnormalities is NOT…
Hypomagnesemia
Case Study 1 You are asked to evaluate a family with a high incidence of hypercalciuria and nephrolithiasis, and you find that two children born to a sibling with hypercalciuria…
Hyperphosphatemia
Case Study 1 An 11-year-old girl recently diagnosed with acute myeloid leukemia. After the third chemotherapy course, consisting of cytarabine, mitoxantrone, and intrathecal methotrexate, she was admitted to the hospital…
Hypophosphatemia
Case Study 1 A 30-month-old boy is evaluated for failure to thrive, muscle weakness, bone pain, and difficulty to walk over the last 10 months. The infant was born at…
Hypercalcemia
Case Study 1 A 19-year-old male was admitted to a local hospital with lethargy. His medical history was most notable for major depressive disorder complicated by two previous suicide attempts,…
Hypocalcemia
Case Study 1 A patient with recurrent diarrhea complains of severe muscle weakness. There is no history of carpopedal spasm, or physical findings of Trousseau or Chvostek sign, consistent with…
Metabolic Acidosis
Case Study 1 A 15-year-old woman with a medical history of diabetes mellitus, obesity, compensated cirrhosis, and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis had right first distal phalanx osteomyelitis diagnosed 4 weeks before presentation…
Metabolic Alkalosis
Case Study 1 A 15-year-old male patient with cirrhosis and ascites secondary to Wilson disease is admitted to the hospital with acute gastrointestinal bleeding due to ruptured esophageal varices. He…
Hyperkalemia
Case Study 1 A 6-year-old boy with mild chronic renal failure is started on a low-sodium diet for hypertension. Two weeks later, he notices that he is unable to lift…
Hypokalemia
Case Study 1 A 16-year-old young man was admitted for elective surgery for a small-bowel carcinoid tumor. Nephrology was consulted for evaluation of persistent hypokalemia and metabolic alkalosis. The patient…
